Patients with renal insufficiency who have reached the end stage, which is commonly known as uremic stage, can receive kidney transplantation if there are no contraindications for kidney transplantation after detailed examination. I. What is renal insufficiency? Due to various reasons (primary or secondary), the patient’s kidneys cannot work properly and the metabolites in the body cannot be excreted normally and accumulate in the body, which is the occurrence of renal insufficiency. Many diseases can damage your kidneys so that they do not work properly. Some of these can damage your kidney function very quickly, sometimes in just a few days or weeks. Most diseases, on the other hand, can take years, decades or even longer. Kidney disease is often a condition in which both kidneys become diseased together. Second, what are the signs of kidney insufficiency? When patients start to have kidney damage, they may not feel any discomfort at first, but as the disease worsens, they will slowly feel 1.easy fatigue and swelling; 2.bad sleep; 3.feeling itchy skin; 4.stomach discomfort; 5.increased nocturia or abnormal urine test; 6.physical examination reveals high blood pressure and anemia. What should I do if my renal insufficiency has reached the end stage? If your doctor determines that your condition is terminal and no longer suitable for conservative treatment, you must take one or two of the following methods: 1.Dialysis. There are two types of dialysis, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Hemodialysis is performed several times a week at a dialysis center using a hemodialysis machine, while peritoneal dialysis is performed by using the reabsorption function of the peritoneum and placing a catheter in the peritoneal cavity to inject peritoneal dialysis fluid at regular intervals. 2. Kidney transplantation. A well-functioning kidney is transplanted into the patient. The human kidney cannot be replaced by any sophisticated machine. Kidney transplantation is an internationally recognized kidney replacement method that can bring the best quality of life to uremic patients. IV. What conditions are contraindications to kidney transplantation? Although kidney transplantation has many advantages and has become the first choice for most uremic patients, not everyone is suitable for kidney transplantation, such as 1. active peptic ulcer 2. systemic and active infections (e.g. tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus, etc.) 3. active viral hepatitis B and C, cirrhosis 4. coagulation abnormalities 5. severe vascular lesions or vascular malformations 6. malignant tumors 7. Mental illness and acute drug addiction 8, group reaction antibody higher than normal (prone to rejection) Most of these conditions are relative contraindications, but must undergo active treatment and recuperation, until the situation improves after careful examination to determine that there is no problem before receiving a kidney transplant; if no serious preoperative examination, rash action, the postoperative effect will often affect the transplant, and some may even lead to life-threatening. In order to determine whether you can receive a kidney transplant, you need to be hospitalized to undergo a series of related tests, which are necessary to ensure a better transplant result. Nowadays, there are many hospitals that perform kidney transplantation directly without the above mentioned tests. If you do not have any of the above mentioned conditions after careful pre-operative examination or treatment, then congratulations, you have a chance to receive a new kidney and get back to your normal life!