Many patients with chronic renal failure eventually enter uremia after their own kidneys are unable to meet the function of detoxification and drainage in the organism, requiring renal replacement therapy. There are currently three kidney replacement therapy methods, each with its own advantages and disadvantages (see the article on the advantages and disadvantages of hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation), of which kidney transplantation is recognized as the best treatment for uremia. So which patients are suitable for kidney transplantation? In general, the vast majority of patients with uremia can undergo kidney transplantation. Patients who cannot undergo kidney transplantation are in the following two situations. The first situation is that the primary kidney disease causing kidney failure can easily and quickly relapse, and the relapse can directly lead to the loss of the transplanted kidney. For example, oxalate nephropathy, which is preferable to combined liver and kidney transplantation, and dense deposition disease, which has a 100% recurrence rate after transplantation, are also not recommended for kidney transplantation. The second condition is that other organs or diseases in the body cannot tolerate kidney transplantation or postoperative complications. For example, severe new failure, pulmonary dysfunction, active post-infection (tuberculosis, AIDS, other difficult to control infections), malignant tumors, severe mental disorders that are unable to comply, and surgical part deformities that are inoperable are absolute contraindications to kidney transplantation. There are also some patients, who can receive a kidney transplant after surgery, but the probability of questioning in the surgery and post-operative period is elevated compared to others and requires attention. For example, some people have focal segmental sclerosing glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy, and membranous nephropathy as their primary kidney disease, and the uremia caused by these kidney diseases can easily recur after kidney transplantation and affect the survival of the transplanted kidney. There are also patients with viral hepatitis B or C viral liver class, tuberculosis infection, mild cardiac insufficiency or respiratory disease, and these recipients are at risk of postoperative recurrence of infection, respiratory failure, heart failure, liver class eruption, and these complications need to be fully understood and communicated, and kidney transplantation should be performed after taking measures and creating conditions and using appropriate management measures for special populations postoperatively to guarantee the best results of kidney transplantation. Therefore, all uremic patients are candidates for kidney transplantation. Table 1 lists the absolute and relative contraindications to kidney transplantation; recipients with absolute contraindications cannot undergo kidney transplantation, while those with relative contraindications need to be carefully selected for kidney transplantation.