Interstitial pneumonia can be treated surgically with lung transplantation, which is an option for severely ill patients or those who have progressed to the terminal stage. Interstitial pneumonia is a kind of disease that causes inflammation and fibrosis in the interstitium of the lung as the main pathology. At present, the clinical response to interstitial pneumonia is mainly through drug treatment, to achieve temporary improvement of symptoms or slow down the development of the disease; but patients can also use surgery, the main surgical way to deal with interstitial pneumonia is lung transplantation, seriously ill patients or patients who have developed to the terminal stage can consider lung transplantation to prolong the survival period, but need to strictly grasp the indications for surgery. Patients with interstitial pneumonia are advised to consult a doctor in a timely manner, and once diagnosed, they should cooperate with the doctor to adopt a scientific and individualized treatment plan.