Antigens are substances that can be recognized and attacked by the body’s immune cells and need to be removed by the body; the main chemical component of most antigens is protein. Antibodies are proteins produced by immune cells that bind to an antigen after it has been recognized by the body’s immune cells. Antibodies bind to antigens with specificity and specificity. Hepatitis B virus has at least four antigen-antibody systems: HBsAg/anti-HBs, HBeAg/anti-HBe, HBcAg/anti-HBc, HBxAg/anti-HBx, which are known as Hepatitis B Surface Antigen/Surface Antibody, eAntigen/eAntibody, Core Antigen/Core Antibody, and xAntigen/xAntibody systems, respectively; of these, HBcAg, because of the complexity of the testing process, is not tested as a routine item; xAg is not tested as a routine item; xAg is not tested as a routine item. HBcAg is not routinely tested because of the complexity of the testing process; x antigen/x antibody is also not routinely tested because of its low level. There are five hepatitis B antigens and antibodies routinely detected in the clinic: HBsAg/anti-HBs, HBeAg/anti-HBe, anti-HBc, commonly known as “two halves”. Whether self-limiting or persistent hepatitis B, from hepatitis B virus infection to the body’s clearance of hepatitis B virus, or from the onset of the disease to the recovery of the disease, the serum “two halves” has a specific evolutionary pattern, which is manifested in the different combinations of the components of the “two halves”. This is called the serum hepatitis B virus signature pattern. “Self-limiting” can be interpreted as self-recovery, while “persistent” can be interpreted as not self-recovery and long-term recurrent episodes. Hepatitis B virus infection of the human body, the earliest antigen for the emergence of HBsAg, the latest disappearance of the antigen is also HBsAg, can be called “early and late”; HBeAg appeared in the emergence of HBsAg soon after the disappearance of the HBsAg, but its disappearance is earlier than the HBsAg, so that it can be called “late and early”. “; anti-HBc appearance and disappearance and the existence of the virus in the liver cells parallel, in other words, the earliest antibody is anti-HBc, but its disappearance is very late; anti-HBe appeared after the disappearance of HBeAg, before the disappearance of HBsAg; anti-HBs appeared after the disappearance of HBsAg, in the liver cells of the virus has been completely eliminated and still exists for a period of time , which lasts the longest. Therefore, from the process of hepatitis B virus infection to the body’s clearance of hepatitis B virus, there are eight serum hepatitis B virus marker patterns: first, a single HBsAg positivity, followed by the sequential experience of [HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBc] positivity, [HBsAg, anti-HBc] positivity, [HBsAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBc] positivity, [anti-HBe, anti-HBc] positivity, [HBsAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBc] positivity, [anti-HBe, anti-HBc] positivity, and [anti-HBe, anti-HBc] positivity. HBe, anti-HBc]-positive, [anti-HBs, anti-HBe, anti-HBc]-positive, [anti-HBs, anti-HBc]-positive, [anti-HBs, anti-HBc]-positive, and lastly, a single anti-HBs-positive; of which [HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBc]-positive, [HBsAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBc]-positive, [anti-HBsAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBc]-positive, [anti-HBs, anti-HBe, anti-HBc]-positive, [anti-HBs, anti-HBc]-positive, [anti-HBs, anti-HBe, anti-HBc]-positive, [anti-HBsAg, anti-HBc] -positive HBe, anti-HBc]-positive, [anti-HBs, anti-HBe, anti-HBc]-positive, [anti-HBs, anti-HBc]-positive, and [anti-HBs, anti-HBc]-positive can be referred to as “major triple positive,” “major double positive,” ” small tri-positive”, “small bi-positive”, “resumption tri-positive”, and “resumption bi-positive”, respectively. From “major triple positive” to “major double positive”, “major double positive” to “minor triple positive”, From “small triple positive” to “small double positive” indicates that from infection, onset to recovery, the virus still exists in the liver cells, but the number of viruses decreases; from “recover triple positive” to “recover double positive”, the number of viruses decreases; from “recover triple positive” to “recover double positive”, the number of viruses decreases; from “recover triple positive” to “recover triple positive”, the number of viruses decreases. From “recovering triple positive” to “recovering double positive” indicates that the disease tends to terminate and enter the recovery period, and there is only residual virus in the liver cells, and the residual virus is getting less and less. In most cases of acute hepatitis B, the evolution of the serum hepatitis B virus marker pattern from “big three-positive” to “small two-positive” does not exceed 3 months, which is called self-limiting hepatitis B. Only in a few cases of acute hepatitis B does the serum hepatitis B virus marker pattern evolve from “big three-positive” to “small two-positive”. Only a few cases of acute hepatitis B fail to show a “small b-positive” serum hepatitis B virus marker pattern within 3 months, suggesting that persistent hepatitis B is likely to develop. Under natural conditions, about half of patients with persistent hepatitis B have a serum hepatitis B virus signature pattern that can evolve to a “minor triple positive” during their lifetimes. For patients with persistent hepatitis B who are able to evolve from “triple positive” to “triple positive”, the age of transition from “triple positive” to “triple positive The age at which the transition from “triple positive” to “triple positive” occurs is usually around 35 years of age. Only a minority of patients with persistent hepatitis B have a serum hepatitis B virus signature pattern that can evolve to “recovered triple positive” during their lifetimes. For those patients with persistent hepatitis B who are able to evolve from “mini-positive” to “recovered tri-positive”, the age of transition from “mini-positive” to “recovered tri-positive” is usually around 35 years. The age at which the transition from “small triple positive” to “recovered triple positive” occurs is usually around 55 years. It should be emphasized that a single HBsAg positive can not be called “healthy” carriers, because although the infected person does not have symptoms, but the virus has entered the liver; only the last is a single anti-HBs positive means that there is no residual virus in the hepatocytes, but it does not mean that will never be infected with the hepatitis B virus, because anti-HBs is not permanently protective. is not permanently protective.