Rheumatoid arthritis is the manifestation of rheumatic fever in the joints, which is caused by a kind of bacterial infection called “hemolytic streptococcus”. Symptoms include: ① rheumatoid arthritis: manifested as multiple knees, ankles, shoulders, elbows, wrists and other large joints of redness, swelling, heat, pain and movement disorders, and has the characteristics of wandering; ② rheumatic heart disease: manifested as panic attacks, shortness of breath, dyspnea, heart murmur, cardiac failure, etc.; ③ rheumatic choreoathetosis: manifested as the limbs and the face of the involuntary rapid movement. In addition, rheumatic subcutaneous nodules, skin erythema, pneumonia, pleurisy, rheumatic heart valve lesions (such as mitral stenosis, mitral valve insufficiency, etc.), joint deformities are rare. Rheumatoid arthritis is the manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis in the joints, its etiology is unknown, may be related to cold, humidity, viral infections, genetic factors. It can be divided into: ① systemic type: manifested as fever, rash that appears and disappears with the rise and fall of body temperature, enlarged liver, spleen, lymph nodes, anemia, etc. Arthritis appears later; ② polyarticular type: manifested as progressive, symmetric tumors and dysfunctions of small joints such as fingers, toes, etc., and it can be developed to big joints in the late stage; ③ oligoarticular type: manifested as tumors and dysfunctions of big joints such as knees, ankles and elbows, etc. In the active stage, rheumatoid rheumatism is not found in the joints, its cause is unknown, which may be related to cold and dampness, viral infection and genetic factors. Rheumatoid in the active period can not find evidence of streptococcal infection, but X-ray radiographs can be found in joint deformity, its sequelae are mainly joint deformity. Rheumatic fever and rheumatoid rheumatoid not only have different etiologies and clinical manifestations, but also have different treatments. Rheumatic fever needs penicillin and aspirin and other non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs to prevent and control, if left with rheumatic heart valve lesions, sometimes need surgery; and rheumatoid in addition to non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs, sometimes also need hormones or drugs used in the past for anti-tumor treatment.