Manifestations and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis of the foot

Rheumatoid arthritis is a common chronic systemic connective tissue disease that can cause severe deformities. The lesions first invade the synovial membrane of the joints, and later destroy the joints, causing joint deformities. The foot is one of the most commonly affected parts of the rheumatoid arthritis, about 80% of rheumatoid arthritis patients with varying degrees of foot lesions, with the progression of the disease, the foot on the overall function of the lower limbs caused by the serious impact. Among patients with walking dysfunction, 71% have foot dysfunction, and 32% have foot disorders as the sole cause of their walking limitation, which is four times more frequent than that of hip and knee lesions that cause walking disorders. The forefoot is more common than the hindfoot, causing severe deformity and pain in the late stage, unable to walk. The manifestations of the forefoot are mainly outward deviation of the thumb and subluxation of the metatarsophalangeal joints, with the metatarsophalangeal joints favoring the metatarsal side. As the disease progresses, a callus may form at the metatarsal head of the subluxation at the bottom of the foot, and bunion deformity with lateral deviation of the metatarsophalangeal joints often occurs, with the appearance of bunions. As the disease progresses, hammertoes appear, and the affected toes may be severely deviated and overlap each other, making it difficult for the patient to continue to wear normal shoes. Rearfoot manifestations are mainly heel valgus deformity and osteoarthritis of the rearfoot, and in severe cases, the ankle joint is involved, which can cause severe pain and walking difficulties. The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis of the foot is aimed at pain relief, prevention of deformity and correction of deformity, restoration and preservation of function, a series of comprehensive treatment is needed: 1. Acute stage requires bed rest, and in severe cases, short-term plaster or splint fixation is feasible to maintain in a functional position. When the symptoms are obvious, medication (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, hormones, traditional Chinese medicine and other treatments) is needed. 2, physical therapy and functional exercise can reduce local symptoms, maintain and improve joint function, prevent deformity. In foot rheumatoid arthritis appears serious deformity and dysfunction, patients usually need to undergo surgical treatment, surgical treatment is a commonly used and effective method: 1 . Early synovectomy surgery, can improve joint function, protection of articular cartilage and bone tissues; 2 . Intermediate stage can be cleaned up the joint surgery, in order to prevent or slow down the further damage to the joints; 3 . Late stage of the appearance of serious deformity and pain, the need for joint fusion, artificial joint placement. Surgical treatments such as joint fusion, artificial joint replacement or arthroplasty are needed to eliminate pain, correct deformity and restore limb function.