Brain infarction, as a common and frequent disease, has become a major social problem that endangers health and life. Due to the development of society, the living standard of our people is improving and the speed of population aging is accelerating significantly, the threat and harm of brain infarction to middle-aged and elderly people appears to be increasingly serious. The disability rate of cerebral infarction is very high, and about 75% of cerebral infarction leaves different degrees of sequelae, which not only brings pain and inconvenience to patients, but also brings huge economic burden and adverse effects to families and society, and has become a great public_health problem, so it is urgent to actively popularize the knowledge about cerebral infarction and try to reduce the morbidity, mortality and disability rate. Definition of cerebral infarction Cerebral infarction is a cerebrovascular disease caused by ischemia and hypoxia of brain tissue due to blood supply disorder, followed by necrosis and softening to form infarct foci, which has 2 kinds of causes: one is cerebral artery wall atherosclerosis or other factors causing luminal narrowing or even occlusion resulting in focal cerebral infarction, called cerebral thrombosis; the other is embolus shedding from other parts of the body, such as the shedding of plaque can of extracranial artery wall atherosclerosis The other is the dislodgement of emboli from other parts of the body, such as the fragments of atherosclerosis of the extracranial arterial wall and the dressing of heart valves into the cerebral circulation, leading to the blockage of a certain cerebral blood vessel and forming focal cerebral infarction, called cerebral embolism. Causes of cerebral infarction include hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking, alcoholism, cardiac and cerebral diseases, genetics, etc. In addition, age is also an important factor. Treatment of cerebral infarction For large infarct foci in the acute stage, dehydrating agents should be applied promptly to eliminate cerebral edema, and mannitol is commonly used. For general infarct foci, anti-platelet aggregation drugs, such as low-dose enteric aspirin, are commonly used. Use calcium antagonists, such as cerebral prozac and cidroitrin. Use vasodilators, such as compound salvia and lanugin. Use blood-activating and stasis-removing drugs, such as Tian Qi powder, Chuanxiong, Safflower, Hua Tuo Zai Zai Wan, etc. The recovery period is mainly for functional exercise. Home care of cerebral infarction 1, good psychological care: cerebral infarction usually occurs suddenly, as a normal person suddenly paralyzed. No matter how strong a person is, it is difficult to accept this state psychologically. Due to the existence of the sequelae of cerebral infarction, patients suffer heavy blows in the mind, physical pain, coupled with a heavy burden on society and the family, especially the elderly, the human body, a variety of functional decline, life can not take care of themselves, the patient’s acute period after the need for a longer recovery phase, the patient generally behaves as irritable and anxious. We have to understand the patient’s psychological state, express sympathy for the patient’s pain, be sincere to the patient’s attitude, the language should be harmonious, give the patient sincere comfort, persuasion, encouragement. Establish the view that if you are here, you are here. Introduce the patient to the measures of recovery, the purpose of which is to mobilize the patient’s self-regulation ability and establish confidence in overcoming the disease. Patients often have the psychology of loneliness and isolation, and the greatest characteristic of the elderly is the fear of being alone, which is often ignored by family members. Therefore, family members should talk to the patient more often, listen patiently to the patient’s voice and address the patient’s needs. The patient’s memory impairment often causes many difficulties in treatment, sometimes he cannot remember to take the medicine and which medicine to take. If you take 3 times a day, you should prepare 3 empty vials and supervise more. Patients with cerebral infarction have large mood swings and changeable personalities, and sometimes they may not talk at all if they are not careful, so they should adjust their language and conversation content in a timely manner according to the feedback from the patients. 2.Care of language disorder: due to aphasia or aphasic disorder, we cannot communicate through normal language, so that the patient is extremely depressed, to solve this problem, we can let the patient read some simple poems and phrases or cards, often encourage the patient to read more and speak more, and correct word by word. 3, care of limb dysfunction: to give the patient to maintain the functional position of the limbs, the finger joints of the paralyzed limbs should be extended and slightly flexed, a roll of sponge can be placed in the hand, the elbow joint is slightly flexed, the shoulder of the upper limb is slightly abducted, avoiding inversion, the iliac knee joint of the lower limb should be extended. To prevent the foot from sagging, the ankle joint can be made slightly dorsiflexed; to prevent the lower limb from external rotation, sandbags or other homemade supports can be placed in the lateral part. Frequent movement of the paralyzed limb can prevent limb contracture and deformity, acupuncture, limb massage, passive activities and sitting up and standing, and gradual walking exercises. 4, skin care: local vascular nerve dystrophy due to activity impairment and sensory impairment. If prolonged compression, decubitus ulcers are likely to occur, so it is best to let patients sleep in air beds, pay attention to changing positions, massage the parts that are pressed red with saffron alcohol to improve local circulation, and rub baths with hot water daily. Pay attention to warmth, prevent pulmonary respiratory infections, tap and pat the back when turning over, patting with a hollow palm, that is, with a depressed palm, but not with a solid palm, constantly changing the site, the force should be uniform, to encourage the patient to cough to prevent the occurrence of pneumonia, appropriate to take a sitting position. 5, diet: patients should be supplied with adequate nutrition and water. Choose vegetables and fruits, soups and milk that are rich in fiber and vitamins, pay attention to keeping the mouth clean, and give warm boiled water with rinse after each meal. 6, the care of abnormal bowel movements: patients often manifest constipation. To make patients develop the habit of defecation, to regular defecation, such as after waking up and before bedtime even if there is no bowel movement, to give a cup of hot drink before breakfast, can promote intestinal peristalsis, but also massage the abdomen, the method is from the right lower abdomen up, and then turn to the left lower abdomen clockwise massage, if still can not defecate to give a small dose of enema, if there is incontinence can be left in the urinary catheter or prepare some diaper replacement, but also often scrub with warm water, and then rub some skin care oil. Rehabilitation of patients with cerebral infarction is a slow process, so we should have enough patience with patients and encourage them to overcome difficulties with a strong will. When the paralysis improves, daily living skills should be gradually exercised. Encourage the patient to do all the things that are within the individual’s ability in terms of self-care, such as dressing, washing, eating, etc. The work engaged in before the paralysis can be done gradually by Yau-machi. Prevention of cerebral infarction Cerebral infarction is closely related to hypertension, diabetes and other underlying diseases, so it is necessary to actively prevent and control these underlying diseases, to achieve low salt and low fat, light diet, less greasy, weight control. The more people eat, the heavier they become. Eating too much salt will increase the burden on the heart and kidneys and will cause hypertension. External climate change has a relationship with the occurrence of cerebral infarction. Harsh climate change can make the human vascular regulation disorder, sudden cold temperature, can stimulate sympathetic excitation, thus causing small artery constriction, easy to cause brisket infarction. High heat sweating, easy to cause dehydration, so that blood concentration, blood viscosity increases. Therefore, attention should be paid to avoid the sudden appearance of cold and heat. Strengthen outdoor activities to improve the body’s ability to adapt to the outside world. Such as walking, brisk walking or tai chi, as well as other outdoor activities, so that people and nature combined. We all know that the elderly in rural areas often work in the fields and often do laundry and cooking, and their bodies are often very good. Use fitness ball exercise to improve finger sensitivity, because the ten fingers can also stimulate the acupuncture points of the hand to achieve the effect of brain health. Pay attention to drink some plain water before and after bathing, as well as before going to bed and after getting up, to prevent blood concentration. When you get up, move slowly, sit in bed for a few minutes, and get out of bed after your mind is fully awake to avoid falling down. Cerebral infarction is one of the suspected, difficult, serious and urgent diseases in the medical field. Therefore, we should take active prevention, early detection and early treatment as the principle. Paying attention to activating blood stasis, reducing blood viscosity, doing well in the prevention and treatment of basic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity and heart disease, not smoking, not drinking, improving health awareness and some medical knowledge, and doing well in daily life to maintain health and prevent changes, we can largely reduce the chance of cerebral infarction.