1.Observation after intubation After intubation, closely observe the patient’s vital signs and systemic performance, whether there is chest tightness, chest pain, dyspnea, diminished breath sounds on the affected side, numbness of upper limbs, etc. If abnormalities are found, report them to the physician immediately. If abnormalities are found, they should be reported to the physician immediately and disposed of in a timely manner. 2. Strictly aseptic operation when changing medication at the puncture site The skin at the puncture site is prone to infection due to sweat stimulation. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the local skin of the puncture site dry and pay attention to the presence of redness, swelling, heat, pain and other inflammatory manifestations in the puncture site. Every other day, the disinfection range is 6-7 cm in a spiral pattern, with one clockwise disinfection followed by one counterclockwise disinfection and finally one clockwise disinfection. The area is moist and can be changed at any time. When changing the medication, local blood stains and scabs are found, which can be gently wiped away while disinfecting to keep the local area clean and sterile. If local care is not paid attention to, coupled with the patient’s low immunity and stimulation from venipuncture placement, catheter-based infection can develop, or even develop into systemic infection. Clinical manifestations of sudden onset of chills, fever, irritability, and in severe cases, infectious shock without other systemic infections, catheter-based infection should be suspected. Immediately remove the catheter according to the aseptic technique, cut off two sections of the catheter tip and collect peripheral blood at the same time, do bacterial and fungal culture, establish peripheral venous access in time, observe the condition, and after 24-48 hours of stabilization, the central venous placement can be changed. 3.Reasonable use of sealing solution After each infusion, the tube must be sealed by positive pressure and reasonable use of sealing solution, leaving the bevel of the needle inside the heparin cap and pushing the drug solution while retreating when 0.5~1ml of sealing solution is left to ensure positive pressure sealing. The sealing solution generally adopts 2~5ml of 25~125u/ml of heparin saline, and the concentration of sodium heparin solution for children is 05~25u/ml. 4. Prevention of catheter embolism When the patient coughs violently, defecates forcefully or holds his breath, the central venous pressure fluctuates widely, and the catheter can be blocked for a long time. If catheter blockage is found, try to suck out the clot or other solvents to clear the blockage, but do not flush the clot into the superior vena cava. At the same time, the catheter should be prevented from being twisted and compressed. 5.Prevent air embolism Venous air embolism is rare, but it is the most serious complication of central venous catheter placement. Once the infusion device is dislodged, the air will enter the blood quickly with the patient’s breathing, causing serious consequences such as pulmonary artery embolism. Therefore, we should strengthen the inspection, change the liquid in time, and carefully check each connection point of the infusion device and fix it properly so that it does not leak and is not easy to fall off. If air embolism occurs, immediately take the head low and foot high, left side lying position, give oxygen by mask, and pump the blood containing air. 6.Prevent catheter dislodgement For long-term placement, attention should be paid to prevent catheter dislodgement. For restless and uncooperative people, they should be restrained to prevent the catheter from being pulled out.