Emphysema is mostly seen as an imaging manifestation caused by bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, usually suggesting enhanced translucency of both lungs, including obstructive emphysema and physiological emphysema. Lung cancer is a malignant neoplastic disease of the lung, mostly seen in patients who have been smoking for a long time, which is similar to the source of emphysema. The manifestation of emphysema is mainly heart tiredness and shortness of breath without coughing and coughing after activity. In contrast, lung cancer mainly manifests as cough, coughing sputum, blood in sputum, chest pain, and progressive body wasting. Chest imaging of emphysema indicates enhanced translucency of both lungs, while lung cancer indicates occupying lesions in the lungs and may be accompanied by bone metastases, pleural effusion and enlarged lymph nodes in the hilum.