A urine test is usually referred to as a routine urine test. A negative urine test result means normal, i.e. no infection and nephritis, kidney disease, etc. The results are affected by many factors and there will be false positives and false negatives, so if they do not match the clinical symptoms, they can be rechecked. Urine examination items are different, and the requirements and treatment of urine specimen retention are also different. Routine urinalysis is an easy and quick method of urine screening. The routine urine test is an essential initial clinical examination. Currently, routine urine tests include pH, protein, occult blood, specific gravity, glucose, ketone bodies, urinary bilirubin, nitrate, white blood cells, and some test strips also integrate bilirubin and vitamin C. Drinking more water during the test or not receiving urine according to the rules can lead to specimen errors. Routine urine tests can reflect early kidney disease and the presence of urinary tract infections. Some chronic diseases of the kidneys can also be judged by urine tests to determine the prognosis. It has a greater diagnostic value for common kidney diseases such as nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and urinary tract infection. Continuous observation of their changes can give an idea of the progress of the disease or the effect of treatment. Some patients have no obvious clinical symptoms.