Colon cancer generally refers to colorectal cancer, which is a common malignant tumor in the gastrointestinal tract, formed by abnormal gene regulation of normal tissues under the stimulation of carcinogens and abnormal proliferation of normal tissues. The human digestive organs are mainly divided into duodenum, small intestine, colon and rectum, among which duodenum and small intestine cancers are rare, while colorectal cancer is more common among human digestive tract tumors. The pathogenesis of colorectal cancer is still unclear. Some studies have shown that the occurrence of colorectal cancer is related to poor dietary habits, such as high-fat diet, which stimulates the intestine to produce carcinogens through a series of chemical reactions; high-fiber diet helps the transmission and elimination of intestinal contents and reduces the stimulation of intestinal carcinogens in the intestine, and low-fiber diet leads to the increase of colorectal cancer incidence. The progression of colorectal cancer includes local infiltrative growth, and it can also metastasize to distant tissues and organs along lymph nodes or blood, and peritoneal implantation metastasis may even occur in progressive colorectal cancer. The clinical manifestations of colorectal cancer generally include abdominal discomfort, change of stool habit, blood in stool, recent weight loss, etc. The treatment of colorectal cancer mainly includes a comprehensive treatment plan based on surgery, combined with radiotherapy, immunotherapy and Chinese herbal medicine. Colorectal cancer is a new organism formed by abnormal gene regulation of normal colorectal tissues under the stimulation of carcinogenic substances and abnormal proliferation of normal tissues, which can grow locally infiltrative and can also occur local or distant metastasis, and should be treated early once detected.