What is D-shaped short finger syndrome?

This is type D short-fingered disorder. It is one of the many types of shortness of finger family, i.e., Type D of the Bell’s typology of shortness of finger syndrome, hence the name. Type D acromegaly is characterized by a short and thick end thumb, extra short and wide nails, and wide interphalangeal joints, while the rest of the fingers are normal. X-rays show that the distal phalanges of the thumb are significantly shorter and the base of the thumb is wider than normal. D-type shortness of finger is a congenital disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance, with complete ectopia in females and incomplete ectopia in males, and about 3/4 of patients present with bilateral thumbs. It is believed that D shortness of thumb is caused by mutations in the HOXD13 gene, which regulates cartilage formation through the retinol channel, and the epiphysis of the terminal phalanges of the thumb closes prematurely to stop longitudinal growth, resulting in short thumbs. However, some short thumbs have an unsightly appearance and cause great mental stress and distress to patients.