Diabetic foot is one of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. Its etiology is mainly based on the combination of infection on top of vascular and neuropathic lesions. Due to the long-term hyperglycemia resulting in high viscosity and hypercoagulability of blood and the characteristics of the lower limb circulation, the arteries of the lower limbs of diabetic patients are prone to vasculopathy, thickening of the walls and narrowing of the lumen, gradually reducing the blood supply to the lower limbs, resulting in lower limb pain and intermittent claudication, which can lead to gangrene of the lower limbs in severe cases; while diabetic neuropathy can lead to weakening or loss of protective sensation of the limb endings and changes in foot The diabetic neuropathy will lead to reduced or lost protective sensation at the end of the limb and changes in biomechanics of the foot, so that the body lacks protective measures for the foot, which can easily cause mechanical or temperature damage, and once damaged, the above pathophysiological changes make it difficult to repair and form chronic ulcers. Amputation is often required, so the diabetic foot is more dangerous and is an important cause of disability and death in diabetic patients, and is also the first cause of non-traumatic amputation in many countries. The diabetic foot causes 15 times more amputations than non-diabetic patients, and about 50% of the annual amputations are diabetic patients. Therefore, diabetic patients should pay attention to the active prevention or treatment of diabetic foot. Especially in winter, diabetic foot is easy to attack or aggravate in winter because of the cold climate and poor peripheral circulation, which makes lower limb ischemia more likely to occur. Therefore, it is especially important to prevent diabetic foot well in winter. Diabetic patients are more likely to have diabetic foot in the following conditions: 1. Itchy, dry, sweatless skin. Few fine hairs, black color with pigmentation. Lower extremities are cold, or puffy or dry, with intermittent claudication and rest pain in both lower extremities. 2, abnormal sensation of the extremities, including tingling, burning pain, numbness, dull sensation or numbness, and the feeling of stepping on cotton in the feet. 3.Muscle dystrophy, atrophy and poor tone of the limb end, easy to develop ligament damage, bone destruction and pathological fracture. 4.The appearance of arch-shaped feet, flogging toes, chicken claw toes, etc. 5.The skin of the extremity is dry and cracked, or forms blisters, blood blisters, erosions and ulcers. Diabetic patients must pay attention to foot hygiene and health, and make regular foot examinations. Early detection and early treatment is the most effective way to reduce the harm of diabetic foot and improve the quality of life. Once you are diagnosed with diabetes, you should start preventing ulcers and amputations, and you should go to a hospital diabetes specialist once a year for a foot health checkup, or once a quarter if you have complications, especially for patients who have had foot ulcers and amputations due to diabetes, you should have a checkup once every 1 to 3 months. In addition, prevention of diabetic foot should be carried out throughout the life of diabetic patients. The following are the main prevention and treatment measures for diabetic foot: 1. Actively treat diabetes, control blood sugar, control blood pressure and improve blood circulation. 2. Check your feet frequently to prevent small wounds or infections on the skin of your feet. Check the feet in bright places, between the toes, for: corns, calluses and tinea pedis skin cracks, abrasions and other blisters, redness and other insect bites. Sometimes because the patient’s senses are dull, and can not feel the pain, more serious people sometimes have no sense of foreign objects such as pins and small stones in the shoes, so daily self-examination is very important, inspection must be careful and serious. 3, correct foot washing: wash your feet with warm water (no more than 40 degrees) every day. Use flexible soap, do not use irritating soap. Test the water temperature with your hands before washing to prevent the water temperature from being too high and scalding your feet. Soak your feet for no more than 5-10 minutes. After washing, gently dry the foot skin with a soft towel, do not rub hard, keep the skin between the toes dry. To prevent dry, cracked foot skin, you can regularly use lubricating lotion or nutritional cream to keep the foot skin soft and moist. 4, to ensure that shoes and socks comfortable. Shoes should be carefully selected, with a wide toe, appropriate size, breathable, comfortable to wear and not crowded feet. Do not walk barefoot, or wear sandals or slippers barefoot to prevent foreign objects from damaging the skin of the foot, and do not wear sandals when you go out. Check shoes regularly to prevent foreign objects from injuring the feet. In winter, attention should be paid to the warmth of shoes to keep the feet well insulated and not to make them freeze. Socks should be absorbent, breathable, loose and warm. Pure wool or cotton products are better. The socks should be loose so as not to affect blood circulation. Socks should be changed and washed every day to keep them clean. 5, correct trimming of toenails: after washing your feet, it is best to trim your toenails when they are soft. When trimming, please cut flat, do not cut too short, too close to the skin. Do not trim the edges of the toenail round or angled, otherwise it is easy to damage the nail furrow skin and cause infection. 6, foot exercise: adhere to the calf and foot exercise 30-60 minutes a day, can improve blood circulation in the lower limbs and prevent the occurrence of foot lesions. 7, quit smoking, limit alcohol to maintain a good lifestyle habits. 8, the treatment of small wounds on the foot: small wounds on the foot should be actively treated, preferably under the guidance of a health care provider. May should first use disinfectant (such as alcohol) to thoroughly clean the injury, and then covered with sterile gauze. Avoid the use of strong and irritating disinfectants such as iodine. Do not use dark disinfectants such as violet potion; the color of the medicine will obscure the signs of wound infection. Do not use hard creams, corrosive creams or aggressive acidic medications to avoid skin ulcers. If the wound does not heal in 2-3 days, seek medical attention at the endocrine specialist clinic as soon as possible to prevent delay.