Typical symptoms of asthma are episodes of expiratory dyspnea, often accompanied by rales, and in some patients, cough and chest tightness. Treatment is mainly pharmacologic, including glucocorticoids, beta2 agonists, leukotriene modulators, theophyllines, and anticholinergics.
Patients with asthma may have episodes of wheezing and shortness of breath within minutes and last for hours or even days, which can be relieved by the application of asthma-quelling medications or resolve on their own. Patients often have attacks at night and early in the morning, and attacks are often associated with cold air, exposure to allergens, and upper respiratory tract infections.
Patients with asthma need to apply glucocorticosteroids such as budesonide, beclomethasone, prednisone, methylprednisolone, etc.; β2 agonists such as salbutamol, terbutaline, formoterol; leukotriene modulators such as montelukast; theophyllines such as aminophylline, doxophylline, etc.; and anticholinergic drugs such as ipratropium bromide and tiotropium bromide, etc., according to the specific conditions.
Once recurrent episodes of wheezing and shortness of breath occur, blood routine, lung function, lung CT, etc. should be improved in time, and standardized treatment should be carried out under the guidance of respiratory doctors after asthma is diagnosed. The above drugs need to be standardized under the guidance of physicians.