Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with a predominantly chronic progressive joint pathology, with a prevalence of about 0.47%. For early rheumatoid arthritis of large joints, surgery can be performed accordingly. Before the widespread use of arthroscopy, open surgery was mostly used, and for advanced cases with severe deformities, joint replacement was used. With the widespread use of arthroscopy and the development of new technologies, open surgery has been gradually replaced. Rheumatoid arthritis involves the synovial membrane of the knee joint, resulting in chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane, which in turn leads to vascular proliferation and the formation of vascular opacities. The inflammatory factors produced by the vascular opacities and synovial membrane invade the structures in the joint, resulting in the destruction of cartilage, subchondral bone, meniscus, ligaments, etc., causing deformity and ankylosis of the joint and loss of function. The knee joint is one of the most vulnerable joints to RA.