Tracheal diverticulum is a congenital structural change on the trachea, which refers to a cystic benign lesion on the lining of the trachea, similar to an extra small chamber structure on the trachea. The life-threatening effects of tracheal diverticulum are determined by the location and size of the diverticulum. When the tracheal diverticulum is relatively small, it can cause no symptoms and is often found during a physical examination, and is generally not harmful to a person and does not require treatment. However, if the tracheal diverticulum is large, on the one hand, it is easy to be combined with infection, causing coughing, coughing up sputum, chest pain, and even breathing difficulties. On the other hand, there is a risk of rupture of the diverticulum, and after rupture, a tracheoesophageal fistula can be formed, which can cause gastric contents to enter the trachea, leading to pneumonia, or even causing life-threatening problems, and therefore surgical resection is required.