Surgery for the removal of cranial tumors is necessary and worthwhile, even though it is risky and traumatic. However, there are many people who are too afraid and worried about the risk of surgery, so that they do not have the surgery that should be done, but instead, they bring trouble to themselves. Craniocerebral tumors have certain risks if direct radiotherapy is not done without surgery, because tumors that are not confirmed by surgical pathology but only diagnosed based on images may not really be tumors sometimes. If radiotherapy is taken for non-tumor lesions, not only can it not play a therapeutic role, but it also needs to bear the side effects of radiation in radiotherapy. Even if the lesion is really a tumor, some tumors are not necessarily sensitive to radiotherapy, or radiotherapy can not play a therapeutic role for this part of the tumor. However, there are some craniocerebral tumors that are treated with radiotherapy without surgery to obtain a pathological diagnosis. For example, if some tumors with typical imaging manifestations grow in places with high surgical risk, are not suitable for surgical treatment or if the patient’s body cannot tolerate surgery, radiotherapy may be used directly to control the growth of the tumor. Craniocerebral tumors generally require surgical resection of the tumor to clarify the pathological diagnosis and then decide whether radiotherapy is needed and suitable. The development of modern neurosurgical neuroendoscopy and microscopy technology has made the resection of craniocerebral tumors more and more safe. However, in some special cases of craniocerebral tumors, direct radiotherapy may also be chosen as one of the treatment alternatives after comprehensive evaluation of the patient’s condition, tumor condition, and the possible advantages and disadvantages of surgery, radiotherapy and other treatment options.