The application of laparoscopic techniques in urology began in the 1990s, and Winfield first reported the clinical application of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in 1993. Although laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is technically difficult, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy has increasingly become a procedure that urology departments in tertiary hospitals in China are willing to adopt due to its advantages of less surgical trauma and faster recovery. The indications for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy are basically the same as those for open partial nephrectomy. Recently, it is believed that the efficacy of partial nephrectomy is similar to that of radical nephrectomy in the treatment of limited small renal cancer, so its indications have been extended to include isolated, exophytic renal tumors less than 4 cm in diameter with normal contralateral renal function. Surgical routes: two routes: transperitoneal cavity route and retroperitoneal cavity route. At present, the former is mostly used abroad, and the latter is mostly used in China, with advantages and disadvantages according to different habits. The advantages of the former are the wide space of the abdominal cavity and clear anatomical landmarks, which reduce the technical difficulty of the operation; the latter has little interference with intra-abdominal organs and will not contaminate the abdominal cavity, avoiding the interference of intra-abdominal organs with the operating field and postoperative intestinal complications and intra-abdominal dissemination of the tumor. Surgical procedure: After reaching the operative field through the different accesses mentioned above, the perirenal tissue is bluntly or sharply separated with laparoscopic instruments, Gerota’s fascia is opened, the kidney is fully freed, and the perirenal fascia on the surface of the lesion or tumor is preserved and removed along with the lesion. Implement measures to protect renal function, including intravenous administration of diuretics. Interruption of the renal tip and timing. Precise excision of the diseased tissue and adequate hemostasis. If the collecting system is invaded or there is damage to the collecting system, repair with absorbable sutures is required. Repair the defective part of the renal cortex with sutures, open the renal tip, lower the abdominal pressure and then examine the bleeding site and treat it with sutures or electrocoagulation. The incisional drainage tube is left in place, and the operation is completed by closing the incision. Complications: The main complications include intraoperative or postoperative bleeding, postoperative urinary leakage, and urinary fistula, with intraoperative bleeding being the main cause of intraoperative conversion to open surgery. The incidence of postoperative urinary leakage is about 10%, the number of intraoperative conversions to open surgery due to bleeding is 4%, and the number of postoperative reoperations due to bleeding is about 1%. The two keys to this surgery are: bleeding control: partial nephrectomy is extremely prone to intraoperative bleeding, and the lack of safe and effective means and tools for resection makes laparoscopic partial nephrectomy more difficult than traditional open surgery, so bleeding control is the key to the surgery. Personal experience is that preoperative CT is used to understand the condition of the renal artery and the presence of branches and ectopic renal arteries. Intraoperatively, if the renal artery can be completely blocked, bleeding will be reduced, the operative field is clean and the diseased tissue can be accurately identified, and, the clean field appears more favorable when suturing the collecting system. Suture technique: especially for tumors located close to the ventral side or cut close to the psoas major muscle or close to the renal hilum, suturing is more difficult than that of the lateral renal ectopic mass, and the difficulty of suturing needs to be fully estimated before surgery. In conclusion, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is a challenging operation, and the key to the operation is to complete the operation in a shorter period of time while preserving renal function and minimizing intraoperative bleeding, which requires skilled lumpectomy suturing techniques and a solid foundation in open surgery. However, in any case, compared with open partial nephrectomy, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy has the advantages of less trauma, shorter hospital stay and faster postoperative recovery, and with the improvement of laparoscopic techniques and instruments, it will definitely gain wider clinical application.