Kidney cancer is a common malignant tumor, which seriously threatens people’s life and health. Therefore, attention must be paid to the prevention and treatment of kidney cancer. In order to prevent the onset of kidney cancer, we must know the causes of kidney cancer. First of all, we have to know that the onset of kidney cancer is related to our own bad life habits, for example, patients smoke a lot of cigarettes. As we all know, smoking is harmful to health and most of the diseases are related to smoking, kidney cancer is no exception. Besides being related to bad habits in patients’ life, the cause of kidney cancer is also very much related to family heredity. There are some intra-familial kidney cancers, which are found when chromosome examination is performed. There is a defect on the third pair of chromosomes in people with high incidence of kidney cancer. Most familial kidney cancers develop at an early age and tend to be multifocal and bilateral. Obesity and high blood pressure seriously affect everyone’s health, and high body mass index (BMI) and high blood pressure are two independent elements associated with an elevated risk of kidney cancer in men. In addition, we should pay attention to the fact that the cause of kidney cancer is not very clear, but it is very important to find out the disease and take medical treatment in time. Intravenous urography, retrograde urography, abdominal aortography, renal arteriography, intravenous renal parenchyma somatography, inferior vena cava venography, perirenal insufflation angiography, CT examination, isotope renal scanning, and positive serum C-reactive protein test can all be helpful in confirming the diagnosis of kidney cancer. As for the treatment of kidney cancer, argon helium knife surgery can be chosen. Argon helium knife treatment is a minimally invasive surgery, which is less harmful to patients, especially suitable for patients who cannot undergo surgery in the advanced stage of kidney cancer.