Tubal infertility accounts for more than 40% of female infertility, which makes the diagnosis and treatment of tubal infertility very important. In the simplest terms, resolving tubal infertility equates to nearly half of all infertility patients being able to conceive and have children, which is a very exciting number. How do the fallopian tubes cause infertility? The main causes are narrowing, blockage and malfunction of the fallopian tubes. Stenosis and blockage prevent the egg from passing through the fallopian tube, and malfunction prevents the egg from entering the fallopian tube or the fertilized egg from passing through the tube to the uterus for implantation. What are the main causes of narrowing, blockage and malfunction of the fallopian tubes? There are two general types: primary and secondary. Primary, also known as congenital, is present at birth, which is very rare. Secondary is acquired and the main cause is infection, including tuberculosis and acute and chronic inflammation, especially after miscarriage, childbirth, endometritis, post-surgical inflammatory infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, appendicitis, etc. can all cause tubal infection. Other factors include tubal dysplasia, twisting, adhesions in and around the umbrella, endometriosis, tubal tubitis or polyps, etc. How is tubal infertility diagnosed? Tubal lavage, tubal angiography, hysteroscopy or/and laparoscopy. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages: tubal lavage is only subjective and lacks objective basis; tubal imaging can visually determine the patency and function of the fallopian tubes and observe the uterine cavity, and images can be saved for easy comparison; hysteroscopy can not only observe the patency of the fallopian tubes but also perform treatment. How to treat tubal infertility? Different methods are used to treat different causes of tubal infertility, including local or systemic medication, selective tubal recanalization (interventional treatment), hysteroscopic tubal lysis, laparoscopic tubal ostomy, adhesiolysis, VIF (in vitro fertilization), etc.