Cervical HPV infection, commonly known as HPV infection of the cervix, is a viral infection associated with cervical cancer. Evidence of HPV high-risk infection has been found in approximately 99.7% of cervical cancer patients’ lesions, thus verifying that HPV is the main cause of cervical cancer, which makes cervical cancer the only cancer with a clear cause among all human cancer lesions. There are approximately 160 subtypes of human papillomavirus identified, which are classified into high-risk and low-risk infections based on the cancer-causing potential of HPV viruses. High-risk HPV infections mainly cause cervical cancer, or highly squamous epithelial lesions, while low-risk HPV infections mainly cause low-grade squamous epithelial lesions and warts of the genital system. Therefore, for HPV infection of the cervix, the main focus should be on high-risk viral infections, and if high-risk viral infections are found, they must be actively monitored to prevent cancerous changes.