The concept of targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer can be understood from three levels: First, any treatment should target the beneficiary population (target population): the concept of target population is very important! In fact, it is what we folklore people call “symptomatic treatment”! All patients with non-small cell lung cancer cannot be included in the beneficiary population of a certain treatment or treatment drug. With the progress of modern science and technology and the application of molecular biology technology in the field of medicine, with the deepening of the study of health economics, especially the imperfection of China’s existing medical insurance system and the unsoundness of the medical insurance system, the expensive treatment technology and the newly listed molecular targeted drugs in the field of lung cancer treatment have enabled some of the beneficiaries to “regain their lives “At the same time, a considerable number of middle and advanced stage lung cancer patients who have not received clinical benefits have ended up in “poverty due to illness” and “poverty due to illness”. Therefore, we hereby call on clinical oncologists nationwide to strengthen their learning, to be familiar with the beneficiary population of local physically targeted therapies and systemic molecular targeted therapies, and to properly combine local physically targeted therapies and systemic molecular targeted therapies in an organic way! Make good use of these new technologies and good drugs! Second, local physically targeted therapies mainly solve local problems: a typical example of local physically targeted therapies is the lung cancer radiofrequency ablation therapy technology that we have been promoting in recent years. Radiofrequency ablation therapy for lung cancer has unique advantages for early stage lung cancer patients of advanced age who cannot tolerate surgery and multiple metastatic lung tumors. “lung cancer with minimum damage to the surrounding normal lung tissue. Therefore, we call it “local physical targeted therapy”. From the data of the initial efficacy evaluation of more than 50 cases of lung cancer radiofrequency ablation that we have carried out, the clinical effect is satisfactory. It also reflects and revises our previous methods of open-chest and TV thoracoscopic lung cancer radiofrequency ablation treatment. The therapeutic effect of a single local physical targeting therapy is still limited, and the multidisciplinary integrated treatment must be emphasized. Thirdly, systemic molecular targeted therapy drugs make survival with cancer possible: targeted therapy is available in our country, namely Trokai and ERSA, and the effective treatment rate of these two drugs for all lung cancers can reach about 7% to 20%. This is comparable to the effect of chemotherapy treatment. However, the advantage is that for advanced lung cancer, even if chemotherapy is ineffective, or if chemotherapy is not effective, or for those who are in poor health, targeted therapy can also have a better treatment effect. The short-term efficiency of chemotherapy is close to 30%, and the higher percentage is obtained by targeted therapy, which can achieve 70% to 80% disease control rate and stable and reasonable survival of patients. As an effective systemic treatment for non-small cell lung cancer, the molecular targeted therapy drug – ERSA, which has been used in China for four years, and the new targeted therapy for lung cancer – Troche, which has been clinically used for nearly two years, have brought good news to tens of thousands of patients with intermediate and advanced lung cancer worldwide. Many beneficiaries have had their lives changed, their families and even their families’ destiny rewritten. As clinical studies continue to progress, more data indicate that the next generation of molecularly targeted therapies – ERSA and Trospel – can be used as second-line treatment for patients with intermediate to advanced non-small cell lung cancer who have failed first-line chemotherapy. Some patients with advanced lung cancer may also be an option for first-line treatment. Finally, it should be emphasized that the combination of local and systemic therapy is necessary; the combination of modern local physiotherapy and systemic molecularly targeted drugs with high-tech components can be a boon to many patients with intermediate and advanced lung cancer. Many patients with advanced lung cancer who were sentenced to death have miraculously survived and are living and working normally with high quality. Modern local physical targeted therapies are represented by CT-guided radiofrequency ablation RFA for lung cancer, and high-tech components of molecular targeted therapies are represented by the new drugs Iressa and Tarceva. The combination of local physical targeted therapies and systemic molecular targeted therapeutic drugs; the combination of relieving somatic symptoms and addressing psychological disorders. The clinical beneficiary population must also be considered! Advanced tumor does not mean no hope. With the development of science and technology, with the continuous introduction of new drugs, with the continuous enrichment of therapeutic means, with the use of new methods and technologies of therapeutic combinations, in the future, the treatment of advanced lung cancer can have more combinations than in the past and can achieve better efficacy. At present, two molecular targeted therapies, ERSA and Troche, have been approved by the China Charity Federation: non-small cell lung cancer patients who have taken ERSA and Troche for 6 months and are clinically evaluated to be effective can receive free lifetime access to ERSA and Troche if they are identified by experts from the lung cancer expert group appointed by the China Charity Federation program office and meet the relevant conditions.