Stem cell therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy is a new type of treatment, which has gradually shown certain advantages in repairing damaged cardiomyocytes, promoting regeneration of cardiomyocytes and improving cardiac function, and the specific progress mainly includes the following aspects. 1. Types of stem cells for treating dilated cardiomyopathy: At present, there are already a variety of stem cells that can be utilized in clinical research, such as bone marrow stem cells, embryonic stem cells, cardiac stem cells, adipose stem cells, and skeletal muscle stem cells, and so on. 2. Stem cell therapeutic mechanism: At present, the mechanism of stem cell therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy has not been clarified, and it may be through promoting neovascularization, self secretion, stimulating peripheral cells to secrete cytokines, and participating in the regulation of myocardial matrix composition, etc., which still needs further research. 3. Transplantation route of stem cell therapy: At present, the commonly used transplantation routes of stem cell therapy mainly include myocardial injection, intracoronary injection and intravenous injection of three different types, among which intracoronary injection of stem cells is more commonly used for transplantation because it is direct, convenient and less traumatic. However, stem cell therapy is still controversial. For example, some studies have shown that stem cell therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy is long-lasting, does not reduce the risk of malignant arrhythmias, and the adverse effects of long-term treatment have not been clarified, so further research is needed.