Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive genetic disease, which is mainly treated with targeted therapy, including blood transfusion and drug therapy. 1. When the patient has pain crisis, infection, etc., blood transfusion treatment can be adopted, such as suspension red blood cell transfusion; 2. Drugs such as hydroxyurea can reduce the number of blood transfusions and the time between transfusions, as well as reduce the frequency of episodes of chest syndrome; folic acid can also be taken to improve vascular endothelial function. The red blood cells of patients with sickle cell anemia have lost their normal biconcave disc shape and become sickle-shaped, with a weakened deformation ability, which makes it easier for red blood cells to rupture and cause hemolysis. Clinical manifestations include anemia, jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly. There is no specific cure for this disease, but bone marrow transplantation can be tried to save lives and improve the quality of life. Patients with sickle cell anemia should consult the doctor in time, take treatment measures under the doctor’s guidance, pay attention to rest, avoid exertion, eat a balanced diet, pay attention to warmth, avoid being cold.