Throat cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor among head and neck cancers, and according to statistics, the incidence rate of men is 8 to 30 times that of women. According to epidemiological survey, there are many factors in the development of laryngeal cancer, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, environment, genetics, chronic inflammation, viral infection, etc., among which smoking is the most important factor triggering laryngeal cancer. About 88%D98% of laryngeal cancer patients have a long-term smoking history, and more than half of them smoke more than 20 cigarettes per day. In general, laryngeal cancer patients have a long and extensive smoking history. There are many other carcinogenic substances in tobacco, and PAHs have been considered the most important carcinogen. Tobacco itself contains only a very small amount of PAHs, and most of these PAHs are generated during the baking process. However, the PAHs previously thought to have no direct carcinogenic activity have been confirmed. After entering the human body, they are activated by the action of aromatic hydroxylase to become active final carcinogens, which then covalently bind to DNA, RNA and protein macromolecules in cells, thus causing mutations in the genetic material of cells. However, due to genetic differences, the induction force of aromatic hydroxylase varies among individuals, and smokers with high induction force are bound to have more activated end carcinogens in their laryngeal mucosal epithelial cells during long-term smoking, which repeatedly and long termly act on the laryngeal mucosa and eventually lead to carcinogenesis with the synergistic effect of other factors. Laryngeal cancer is most likely to grow on the vocal cords leading to hoarseness, followed by the supraglottis area, which can have no symptoms or only symptoms such as pharyngeal discomfort, pain and foreign body sensation in the early stage and can be easily misdiagnosed. Therefore, long-term smokers should go to the hospital for laryngoscopy if they have the above symptoms to avoid delay.