The laser is a technology that has been gradually developed since the 1960s, with the gradual improvement and development of lasers. In the field of otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery, this technique was first applied to clinical work in laryngeal surgery by two American otorhinolaryngologists-head and neck surgeons since 1972. The main diseases treated at that time were keratosis, nodules, polyps, cysts and carcinoma in situ of the vocal cords, with satisfactory results. Since then it has been widely carried out. Laser surgery is also increasingly used in the treatment of early laryngeal cancer. CO2 laser surgery for laryngeal cancer has been widely reported in foreign countries. However, it has been gradually developed in China only in recent years. This is mainly due to the fact that CO2 laser surgical equipment and surgical microscope are relatively expensive and restricted by conditions. The advantages of combining CO2 laser surgical equipment, surgical microscope and laryngoscope for laryngeal surgery include no incision in the neck, accurate and reliable surgery, less surgical damage, fast postoperative recovery, and good preservation of laryngeal function, as well as shortening the patient’s hospital stay and reducing the patient’s financial burden. This means that the patient can retain the function of speaking, breathing and pronunciation after surgery. This is because tracheotomy is generally not required. Patients only need to be hospitalized for about one week, which means that the pain of patients is reduced, and the hospitalization time of patients is greatly shortened, and the economic burden of patients is also reduced. Supported laryngoscopic CO2 laser microlaryngeal surgery can make the surgery of early laryngeal cancer reach the standard of minimally invasive surgery required by today’s clinical medicine, and has achieved good results in clinical practice. The indications for CO2 laser microlaryngoscopic surgery are early laryngeal cancer and precancerous laryngeal lesions such as laryngeal keratosis, also known as laryngeal leukoplakia and adult laryngeal papilloma. Laryngeal keratosis and laryngeal papilloma are prone to recurrence and are easily carcinogenic. Among laryngeal precancerous lesions, laryngeal keratosis has the highest cancer rate, which has been reported to be 20%-40%. In adults, the cancer rate of laryngeal papilloma is reported to be between 7% and 21%. Therefore, in the treatment of pre-cancerous laryngeal lesions, the first surgery is very crucial, and the most suitable surgical treatment is laryngoscopic CO2 laser microlaryngeal surgery. In addition, benign laryngeal lesions such as vocal fold polyps, vocal fold nodules, hypertrophic laryngitis, etc. can also be removed by CO2 laser surgery under microscopic laryngoscopy. The main method is to vaporize the polyps and nodules with CO2 laser. CO2 laser surgery can also be used to remove laryngeal papilloma in children with very satisfactory results. Comparing with other surgical methods, it reduces the pain of the child and the financial burden of the parents. Tracheotomy is usually not required, avoiding possible complications of lung infection in children. Other diseases such as laryngeal stenosis and laryngeal paralysis can also be treated with CO2 laser surgery. The early symptoms of benign and malignant laryngeal lesions mainly include hoarseness, pharyngeal discomfort, swallowing discomfort, painful swallowing, and blood in sputum. And after the tumor grows to a certain degree with the prolongation of the onset time, the symptoms of dyspnea may appear. However, tumors growing in certain parts of the body show symptoms later or are not obvious. In addition, laryngeal stenosis, laryngeal paralysis and other diseases can also appear dyspnea. Patients should be alert and should visit otorhinolaryngology department in time to get timely examination and treatment.