The incidence of lumbar disc herniation is increasing as a disease that endangers people’s health, and with the development of spinal surgery technology surgical treatment of this disease has become very popular and achieved good results, but the rehabilitation of patients after surgery and precautions after leaving the hospital is still a problem that many patients are unfamiliar with, this article is to explain the rehabilitation of lumbar spine after surgery and the problems that need attention. There are various surgical methods for lumbar disc herniation, and the most commonly used ones are herniated nucleus pulposus removal, nucleus pulposus excision fusion internal fixation and minimally invasive nucleus pulposus removal, etc. The postoperative rehabilitation and precautions differ slightly from one surgical method to another, but in general, they mainly include: early lumbar support and protection, nerve root adhesion prevention training, functional exercise of the muscles of the low back, functional exercise of the muscles of the lower limbs and prevention of recurrence and reherniation, etc. The main features include: early lumbar support and protection, prevention of nerve root adhesions, functional exercises for the muscles of the low back, functional exercises for the muscles of the lower limbs, and prevention of recurrence and re-protrusion. 1.Early lumbar support and protection For conventional lumbar disc herniation surgery is open surgery, the surgery needs to go through the muscle stripping of the lumbar back in order to enter, the operation inevitably causes damage to the muscles and soft tissues, and the soft tissue repair after the surgery needs rest and protection, so the surgery patient needs a certain amount of time in bed. In general, if the patient does not have severe osteoporosis, the bed rest time for simple nucleus pulposus removal is 3 weeks; if there is intervertebral fusion and internal fixation, the patient can get out of bed 2 weeks after surgery, but after getting out of bed, he needs lumbar girth protection and support for 8-12 weeks; for minimally invasive lumbar spine surgery, due to less soft tissue damage, he can get out of bed earlier, and generally he can get out of bed the day after surgery, while using minimally invasive single channel Microdiscectomy can be performed 1 hour after the anesthesia. However, protection of the lumbar girth is required for 8-12 weeks after surgery. 2.Early nerve root adhesion prevention and lower limb muscle strength training For the lumbar spine after surgery, adhesions in the spinal canal and nerve root canal are still inevitable, and serious intra-vertebral canal adhesions can cause serious symptoms and are one of the main reasons for poor surgical results. The straight leg elevation training can be started on the second day after the surgery, the training method is 3-4 times a day, each straight leg elevation 30-50 times, alternating legs, straight leg elevation training generally should last 2-3 weeks, especially in the early 1-2 weeks after the surgery is very important. 3, low back muscle function training Low back muscle function training is one of the main methods to improve the lumbar support function, not only can quickly restore the strength of the waist at the same time is also the main means of prevention and treatment of postoperative low back pain, commonly used methods of low back muscle exercise include “Xiao Yan Fei” and abdominal lifting hip training, low back muscle exercise Generally, after the wound pain is reduced in 1 week after surgery, you can do it 2-3 times a day, 5-10 minutes each time, generally until 12 weeks after surgery until the low back muscles are strong. 4.Control of the scope and amount of bed activity after surgery Patients generally feel lumbar weakness after getting out of bed 2-3 weeks after surgery, so the scope and amount of activity should be increased gradually, mainly getting out of bed to eat and urinate and defecate at the beginning, and the amount and scope of bed activity can be increased gradually with time and functional exercise of the muscles of the low back. 5.What is the best exercise after lumbar spine surgery? Swimming is a very good exercise method, which not only can exercise the organs of all parts of the body, but also will not cause side damage to other tissues, and swimming is a very good exercise method, which not only can exercise the organs of all systems of the body, but also will not bring about strain damage to the joints of the lower limbs caused by regular shore exercise, so the best exercise for post-lumbar spine surgery is swimming. In general, swimming can be started 3-4 weeks after surgery. 6, lumbar disc herniation prevention recurrence and re-herniation Recurrence and re-herniation after lumbar spine surgery used to be a very common problem, so how to prevent it? That is to reduce the triggering factors that lead to re-protrusion, that is to minimize the bending movements and bending movements, especially the strenuous bending movements, while minimizing activities such as bending to lift or carry heavy objects, while minimizing the twisting movements and movements.