Children often have symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections such as nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, cough, and fever because of their low resistance. Because the eustachian tube is short, flat, and wide, it is very easy to transmit the infection into the middle ear cavity, resulting in ear pain and other discomfort, leading to inflammation of the middle ear mucosa. According to statistics, two-thirds of children have one chance of having otitis media and one-third of children have more than two chances. Also having rhinitis can increase the chances of otitis media, and 28% of otitis media have the presence of allergic rhinitis. Treatment of otitis media in children is based on their different types of otitis media, mainly: 1. Secretory otitis media: also known as exudative otitis media or non-suppurative otitis media, which manifests as ear stuffiness and hearing loss. There is often a history of cold. In the acute stage, there may be mild ear pain. Because of the difficulties in expression in children, it is not easy to detect and diagnose exudative otitis media early. Otitis media may cause hearing loss or other complications due to lack of timely treatment. Therefore, it is important to raise awareness of this disease among parents and teachers, and to bring children with recurrent upper respiratory infections, especially those who are unresponsive to sound and inattentive, to the hospital for examination. After medication, 90% of children with secretory otitis media will be cured within 3-6 months. If, after 3 months of observation, the secretory otitis media for which medication is ineffective, they need to receive tympanic membrane placement. 2. Acute otitis media: The main manifestation is ear pain, a few children will have fever, and if tympanic membrane perforation occurs, there will be pus flowing from the ear canal; because of the pain, acute otitis media is easily detected by parents and can often be treated promptly, but many parents will not bring their children for follow-up. It should be noted that acute otitis media can easily be transformed into secretory otitis media, and after 2 weeks of onset, it is important to go to the hospital again for follow-up; if, in the process of medication If, in the course of medication, pus is found in the ear canal, it is necessary to change the ear drops in the hospital. 3. Chronic purulent otitis media: This is caused by repeated attacks of acute otitis media or water ingress in the ear after tympanic membrane perforation. Preventing colds and preventing water in the ear is the key to preventing recurrent attacks. Most children can control the inflammation with medication and the remaining tympanic membrane perforation can be surgically repaired. A high surgical success rate can be achieved in pediatric patients over 9 years of age who undergo tympanic membrane repair. The success rate of surgery for younger children is lower, mainly because of recurrent upper respiratory infections and difficulties in care. Recurrent otitis media can easily lead to sensorineural deafness, so younger children should be considered for surgery on balance of all factors. 4. Middle ear cholesteatoma: There are two types of cholesteatoma: congenital and acquired. Acquired cholesteatoma is partly caused by untreated secretory otitis media. This is because the accumulation of cholesteatoma epithelium can lead to bone destruction and affect important neurological functions. Once a middle ear cholesteatoma is confirmed, early surgery should be performed.