Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESML) is known as one of the three new technologies in the medical field at the end of the twentieth century, which is widely used in the treatment of urinary stones due to its non-incisional and minimally invasive nature. The effect of ESML on the treatment of urinary stones is affected by many aspects: the hardness of stones varies greatly due to the different composition of the stones; the location of the stones varies, and so does the treatment effect; whether there is ureteral stenosis, cysts, stones that have been embedded for a long time, adhesions formed by urinary tract infections, prostatic hypertrophy, obesity, gas interference, large respiratory motion, etc. can affect the effectiveness of ultrasound localization. The effect of ultrasound positioning can be affected by obesity, gas interference, breathing dynamics, etc.; too large or too many stones, long and difficult treatment time …… After the patient knows these conditions, he/she should observe: 1) whether the color of urine becomes red and brown, whether there is sandy or granular material discharge and other abnormal changes; 2) whether the pain is relieved and whether there is unbearable pain; 3) other abnormal changes. The above conditions should be reported to the doctor in time so that he or she can make adjustments and additions to the treatment according to the symptoms. In addition to taking medication as prescribed by the doctor, patients should increase their activity by running and jumping to promote stone removal. Some special sites, such as stones in the lower renal calyces need to be drained with body position, generally using the head-low-foot-high position, supplemented with back-knocking; while prone position and back-knocking are appropriate after lithotripsy of horseshoe kidney stones, because of the deformity of the kidney, the ureter for crossing the isthmus to go down in front of the kidney, forming an obstacle on the way to stone removal. Drinking water is also an important way to promote stone removal and prevent stone recurrence. It is recommended that patients with stones drink more than 2000~3000ml of fluid daily, and keep the urine more than 1500ml per day, so that the urine remains very dilute (specific gravity <1.010). 1500ml~2000ml of fluid can be added intravenously daily for those who have difficulty drinking. Way. It is important to drink water actively and evenly distributed throughout the day, including at night. It is recommended to drink 250ml of milk-free fluid between meals, during meals, and during nighttime urination each day. The prevention of stones is very important as more than half of the patients will recur within 10 years after treatment of kidney stones. Dietary modification is an important component of stone recurrence prevention. For patients with calcium oxalate stones, the intake of foods that easily produce oxalic acid, such as spinach, amaranth, hollow cabbage, mustard, etc., should be reduced, and the intake of large amounts of vitamin C should be avoided. For patients with phosphate stones, a low phosphorus and low calcium diet is appropriate, but for the elderly, calcium supplementation is generally not restricted, but should be taken at the same time as eating. It is not reasonable to say that spinach and tofu should not be eaten. Nowadays, the incidence of uric acid stones is increasing year by year, which is related to the excessive intake of meat and fat by modern people. Patients with uric acid stones should eat less purine producing foods such as animal offal, seafood, beef and mutton, soup, nuts, etc. Patients with uric acid stones and cystine stones can take alkaline medications to improve the pH of urine, increase the solubility of uric acid and cystine, and reduce their chances of recurrence. In addition, regular review and follow-up should never be neglected. The first review is usually done 7 to 10 days after surgery to understand the effect of treatment and whether stone removal is complete. Those with poor results can repeat ESWL treatment or change to other solutions one week later after the doctor's assessment. Note that the intake of milk, soy milk and sugar gas-producing foods should be reduced before ultrasound review to avoid interference with the sonogram.