The Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery performed a total laparoscopic resection of a giant retroperitoneal single-compartment lymphatic duct cyst on 2015-12-16, and the patient recovered rapidly after surgery. Lymphatic duct cysts are rare clinical cases, and those occurring in the abdominal cavity are even rarer. The patient was a 50-year-old female patient who had no lesion in the abdominal cavity on examination 1 year ago, but a 12x10cm-sized cystic mass was found on examination this year, located in the small omental sac, between the posterior wall of the stomach, splenic hilum and pancreas, and closely related to the pancreas. The patient had normal GI tumor indicators and mild GI pressure symptoms, and was admitted to the hospital as an outpatient with the nature of abdominal cyst pending diagnosis. After admission, Tian Hu from the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Shandong Qianfo Mountain Hospital discussed the whole department and analyzed that the cyst had clear borders, no obvious attachment nodules and small cystic changes were seen on CT, and the possibility of omental or lymphatic origin was considered to be high and suitable for laparoscopic exploratory surgery. The laparoscopic surgery was performed by Chief Physician Tian Hu and Attending Physician Li Tao. The location of the cyst was found to be consistent with the CT, and the ultrasonic knife opened the gastrocolic ligament and completely revealed the cyst, which was unicompartmental with clear borders, and the root accounted for about 1/3 of the cyst, located in the peritoneum of the pancreatic body and adhered to the posterior wall of the stomach. The cyst was completely removed by ultrasonic knife with almost no bleeding, and the operation was successfully completed in 1 hour. The abdominal drainage was removed 48 hours after the operation. The patient and family were very satisfied. Intraoperative frozen pathology was considered inflammatory pseudotumor, and postoperative pathology was lymphatic vascular cyst. Laparoscopic exploration is suitable for exploration and surgical resection of rare cases of abdominal cavity, and precision medicine and rapid recovery surgery can benefit more patients.