It is now recognized that myopia is the result of both genetic and environmental factors, and that heredity plays a very important role in degenerative myopia. The vast majority of degenerative myopia is a congenital disease. Guggenheim et al. statistically analyzed the prevalence of degenerative myopia among siblings and the inheritance between parents and offspring, and the results were significantly higher than that of low-grade myopia, indicating that heredity plays a very important role in the pathogenesis of degenerative myopia. The mode of inheritance of degenerative myopia is extremely complex, with various modes of inheritance reported, including autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and sex-linked inheritance. In addition, Balacca believes that the pathogenesis of degenerative myopia should include a variety of factors acting on the scleral collagen, and that certain long-term visual disorders can affect the mesencephalic pituitary system, altering the hormonal balance. This hormonal balance is associated with a constant weakening of scleral collagen, which predisposes to myopia. Microcirculatory disorders of the fundus can lead to destruction of scleral collagen fibers, which can lead to extension of the sclera and degenerative myopia. In addition to heredity, acquired environments such as general health, living environment, personal habits, and prolonged close eye work can all contribute to the progression of myopia.