Visual distortion is a frequent complaint of patients in the ophthalmology clinic. Patients with visual distortion usually require the following tests during an ophthalmology visit: Clinical examination: The patient is diagnosed with subjective symptoms. The funduscopic examination shows loss of central concave light reflection and enhanced retinal reflection in the macula in the form of hairy glass. Sometimes it is difficult to determine under examining glasses. The diagnosis can be confirmed by FFA. It is also seen in RVO, chronic CME, intraocular inflammation, retinitis pigmentosa and other fundus diseases, ocular trauma and after photocoagulation and condensation. Contraction of the membrane can cause folds and deformation of the macula and macular edema, causing loss of vision and distortion of visual objects. In cases where the ERM is thick and obscures the central recess and vision is significantly reduced or distorted, vitreous surgery may be used to peel the anterior membrane. Auxiliary examinations: 1. Visual acuity Visual acuity refers to the ability of the retina to distinguish images. Visual acuity is determined by the size of the retina’s ability to distinguish images. Visual acuity protection practice: press the eye method. 2, optic nerve examination including visual acuity, visual field and fundus examination. Generally, you can first use the hand test method to check the visual field on both sides respectively. (1) Visual acuity examination (visionexamination). (2) Visual field examination (visualfieldexamination). Visual field is the range that the patient can see when looking straight ahead and the eye is not moving. Examination method: Generally, you can first use the hand test method to check the visual field on both sides respectively. Ask the patient to sit with the physician backlit, about 60 to 100 cm apart, each with their hands to cover the relative eyes (patient cover the left eye, the physician cover the right eye), look at each other for a moment, keep the eye does not move, the physician with the finger from above, below, left, right from the periphery to the center slowly, pay attention to the finger position should be between the examiner and the patient, such as the physician field of vision is normal, the patient should see the finger with the examiner at the same time, such as the patient’s visual field If the patient’s visual field becomes smaller or abnormal, further visual field meter examination should be done. The visual pathway and the reflex pathway to light. (3) Fundus examination (ocularfundusexamination). (4) Oculomotor nerve examination: The oculomotor nerve innervates the levator muscle, superior rectus, inferior rectus, internal rectus, and inferior oblique muscles. (5) Trochlear nerve examination (trochlearnerveexamination): The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscles of the eye. If the downward and abductor movements of the eye are reduced, this suggests damage to the trochlear nerve. 3, visual field examination Visual field examination method is divided into dynamic and static examination. General visual field examination is dynamic, is the use of the movement of the visual marker to determine the equal sensitivity of the points, the line is called isovision, record the peripheral contour of the visual field. Static examination is to determine the threshold of light sensitivity of each point on a meridian, connected to a curve to derive the concept of the depth of visual field defects.