(A) Interventions Interventions for insomnia mainly include pharmacotherapy and non-pharmacotherapy. For patients with acute insomnia, early application of pharmacological treatment is appropriate. For patients with subacute or chronic insomnia, whether primary or secondary, pharmacological treatment should be supplemented with psycho-behavioral treatment, even for those who have been taking sedative-hypnotic drugs for a long time. (2) Pharmacological treatment of insomnia (1) Benzodiazepines: There are many kinds of benzodiazepines, such as alprazolam, diazepam, lorazepam and midazolam. (2) Non-benzodiazepines: including zolpidem, zolpidem controlled release, zopiclone, dezopiclone and zaleplon, which have similar hypnotic efficacy as benzodiazepines. Since non-benzodiazepines generally do not produce daytime sleepiness, the risk of drug dependence is lower than that of traditional benzodiazepines, and they are safe and effective in the treatment of insomnia, with no significant adverse drug reactions with long-term use, but there is a possibility of a transient rebound of insomnia after abrupt discontinuation of the drug. (3) Antidepressants: Some antidepressants have hypnotic and sedative effects, and are more effective when insomnia is accompanied by depression and anxiety.