Semen routine is the laboratory cornerstone of male fertility assessment and has important clinical significance for male infertility diagnosis and treatment, and the examination results directly affect clinical diagnosis and treatment, therefore, attention should be paid to semen routine examination, just as we watch war drama or novel, the author spends most of the time on various preparations before the war, and the war process is the instantaneous destruction of the enemy. Only by paying attention to various examinations, including semen routine, can we obtain good treatment effects of the disease. The standardization of semen collection is a prerequisite for good semen analysis, so it is important to inform the subject in detail about the methods and precautions for semen collection and delivery before semen collection. 1. Abstinence should be at least 48 hours, but preferably no more than 7 days, before specimen collection. To reduce the fluctuation of semen analysis results, the number of days of abstinence should be as constant as possible. 2. It is best to do semen analysis twice for the first time, and the interval between two semen collections should be greater than 7 days, but not more than 3 weeks. If there is a significant difference in the results between the two times, the specimen should be taken again for a third analysis. 3. The collection of specimens should preferably be done individually in a sperm collection room near the laboratory. Otherwise, it should be sent to the laboratory within half an hour after collection. 4. It is best to take semen by masturbation and collect semen in a wide-mouthed glass or plastic container that has no toxic effect on sperm. The temperature should be kept at body temperature to avoid reducing sperm viability. If microbiological examination is to be done, the patient should first urinate and wash his hands and penis and collect in a sterile container. If masturbation is difficult, special condoms can be used for semen collection. Because latex condoms used daily can affect the survival of sperm, they cannot be used for semen collection. The interruption of intercourse method also cannot be used for semen collection because the initial portion of the ejaculate, which often has the highest sperm density, may be lost. Moreover, the specimen will be contaminated by bacteria and microorganisms; at the same time, acidic vaginal secretions will also have a negative impact on sperm vitality. 6, Semen collection must be complete, and incomplete semen should not be analyzed. 7. The temperature of the specimen should be kept above 20°C, but not more than 40°C, during transportation to the laboratory. The main indicators such as sperm concentration, viability and morphology must be analyzed objectively in conjunction with the medical history. Without a medical history, it is extremely naive and an irresponsible attitude towards the patient’s treatment to simply analyze the laboratory test. This is because: firstly, routine semen is not a functional test, it is a rough judgment of fertility only through indicators such as sperm concentration, vitality and morphology, which is like judging people by their appearance and is not very accurate; secondly, routine semen analysis is not able to determine the fertilization ability of the few sperm that reach the fertilization position, so to correctly assess male fertility requires a comprehensive judgment combined with medical history and other clinical information. The World Health Organization defines male infertility as the absence of fertility for one year due to male factors, after both men and women have not taken contraceptive measures and have normal sexual life. In our clinical work, if the woman is ≤ 34 years old, the limit is 1 year; if the woman is ≥ 35 years old, the treatment process of infertility can be entered in half a year. This is because by the age of 35, a woman’s fertility is only 50% of that of a 25-year-old, by the age of 38, only 25%, and over 40, less than 5%. The definition of male infertility has absolutely no provisions for specific parameters of semen, and it cannot be said that low concentration or poor vitality is infertility. If there is no history of infertility, theoretically speaking, only those with active sperm in the semen, without the problems of oligospermia, weak or teratogenic sperm, and those with problems of non-liquefaction should be in the eugenic stage, and the focus should be on the female partner going to the obstetrics and gynecology department for eugenics, rather than looking at infertility, and not taking normal When abnormal (treated as oligospermia, weak sperm, etc.), small problems are magnified, otherwise the wrong logic develops, which is a lot of medication, but without any effect. We have observed clinically that many patients with low gonadotropin male infertility have some sperm in their semen after medication (often even about 1 million/ml) then the woman can get pregnant, which confirms the importance of medical history; conversely, if there is a medical history and the male partner’s semen routine is normal in all parameters and the female partner has no major problems, it means that there may be unknown infertility factors now, which may be more difficult to treat. The larger the sample size, the closer it is to the true value; the smaller it is, the less it is to the true value. This is like sampling to check the passing rate of the products produced in the factory, if only one product is sampled and it happens to be a failed product, can you say that the passing rate is 0? If the number of sperm sampled is too small, in comparing the various indicators, it is just like playing a numbers game. Here is another point to emphasize: the sperm must be taken intact. This is because when semen is ejected, the initial discharge is clear and sticky, mainly urethral bulb gland secretions and a small amount of prostate fluid, which is a sign of male sexual excitement, the number of sperm is very small and plays a role in lubricating the urethra to facilitate ejaculation; followed by the most important part of the ejaculation, mainly prostate fluid and epididymal tail fluid, the quantity and quality of sperm is the best, after the exclusion of the first coagulation and then dissolution; and finally the seminal vesicle gland The last part is the secretion of the seminal vesicle gland, which mainly contains fructose and has a low sperm count and poor quality. If the sperm is taken incomplete, it should be re-examined, otherwise the results are not reliable; if the laboratory does not mix the specimen sufficiently, it will also affect the results of semen examination. There is also a special case of occult spermatozoa, where sperm are sometimes present in the semen and sometimes absent. In this case, the semen needs to be retested several times, preferably for about 7 days of abstinence (in cases of particularly low sperm concentration, sperm are often not found in the semen if the abstinence period is short), so that the possibility of IVF, the risk of IVF and whether testicular puncture should be done before IVF can be assessed. If one or more grade a, b or c sperm are found, with two such semen test results, or grade d sperm with a sperm concentration greater than 5 million/ml, the patient can go directly to the IVF procedure. On the day of IVF, if sufficient sperm are not found in the semen, testicular retrieval is performed directly, but there is the same risk: the risk of not finding sufficient sperm on the day of egg retrieval and having to freeze the eggs; if the semen is worse than the above worse, or in azoospermic patients, a testicular puncture is needed before entering IVF to assess whether IVF can be performed and the risks involved in doing it. Accurate test results are also crucial to the treatment of the disease. If the test is not performed according to the requirements, the test results may not be accurate and then the treatment will be blind, which may not achieve good results. In clinical practice, we often come across routine semen tests that are not performed as required, mainly because the abstinence time is too long or too short, and therefore we come across false weak spermatozoa in clinical practice; the sperm density fluctuates very much, and it is also inappropriate to make a diagnosis of oligospermia based on one result, and such treatment is also unreasonable.