Undoubtedly, eczema is the most common disease in dermatology. All types of eczema can account for up to 20% of dermatology outpatient visits. With the accelerated modernization of our country, the spectrum of skin diseases among our people has also undergone important changes, with an increasing number of allergic (allergic) diseases, and it has been studied that the impact of eczema on the quality of life is greater than that of certain medical diseases such as diabetes. Because the causes of eczema are diverse and difficult to find, and the clinical manifestations are varied, this has led to difficulties and inconsistencies in diagnosis and, consequently, inconsistencies and irregularities in treatment. In order to standardize the behavior of dermatologists and general practitioners in the treatment of eczema in China, the Dermatology and Venereology Division of the Chinese Medical Association organized experts in the field of dermatology and immunology in China to develop and launch the “Chinese Eczema Treatment Guidelines” (Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2011, 44(1):5-6) after several discussions, with the aim of standardizing the diagnosis and treatment of eczema in China. The purpose is to standardize medical practice in the diagnosis and treatment of eczema-related diseases in China, so that patients can receive accurate diagnosis and scientific treatment. I. Background for the development of eczema treatment guidelines: The incidence of eczema is increasing: According to research, the prevalence of eczema in Western countries is as high as 10%, 10.7% in the United States, and an epidemiological study conducted in 2008 showed that the prevalence of the general population in China is about 7.5%, which is close to that of Western countries, and the incidence in industrialized countries has been increasing in the past 20 years. China is continuously promoting industrialization, the people’s living standards have improved significantly, infectious skin diseases are gradually decreasing, while allergic skin diseases are gradually increasing, and the results of epidemiological surveys in the last two decades also show that the incidence of eczema is increasing. Therefore, awareness of this disease among dermatologists should be increased. Eczema has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients: eczema is a chronic recurrent disease that can last for months, years or even decades. The most significant symptom is intense itching, which can significantly affect the patient’s school, work and life, and in severe cases can also affect sleep. In one study, the impact of eczema and diabetes on the quality of life of patients was compared, and it was found that the impact of eczema on the quality of life of patients was much higher than that of diabetes. There are Chinese and foreign differences in the concept of eczema: the incidence of atopic dermatitis in developed countries such as Europe and the United States is much higher than in China, and there are guidelines for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in Europe, the United States and Japan. There are considerable differences in the understanding of atopic dermatitis and eczema between Chinese and foreign dermatologists. The biggest difference is that the diagnosis rate of eczema in China is much higher than that of atopic dermatitis, while the diagnosis of eczema in foreign countries is becoming less and less. Many cases diagnosed by Chinese doctors as generalized eczema are generally considered endogenous atopic dermatitis in Europe and the United States. Because a large number of patients in China are diagnosed with eczema, it is necessary to develop guidelines for the treatment of eczema in China. The level of understanding of eczema among domestic dermatologists varies and needs to be improved: In China, dermatitis and eczema are often referred to clinically as dermatitis eczema-like diseases, and many physicians do not seriously study the difference between dermatitis and eczema, and when they encounter patients with rashes (papules) accompanied by itching, they all diagnose them as eczema (or dermatitis), thus leading to simplistic or even incorrect treatment. In fact, most dermatitis is an allergic skin disease with a clear cause, while eczema is often an allergic skin disease with a less clear cause; dermatitis is often not more limited, while eczema is often large and symmetrical in scope; dermatitis often subsides after the cause is removed, while eczema is often stellar, alternating between remission and recurrence. Many doctors do not know how to find the cause, how to make a differential diagnosis, which makes the treatment taken not the desired effect. The treatment is not standardized enough: it is mainly reflected in three aspects, one is improper treatment, the second is inadequate treatment; the third is excessive treatment. Inappropriate treatment is reflected in incorrect or imperfect treatment strategies, many doctors pay attention to medication, but do not pay attention to patient education, do not understand or do not pay attention to basic treatment, do not know how to choose drugs, such as do not know how to choose to use hormonal and non-hormonal drugs, so often can not achieve good results; inadequate treatment is reflected in some doctors dare not use drugs, such as some patients and family members fear or even refuse to apply the application of hormonal drugs. For example, some patients and family members are afraid of or even refuse to apply hormonal drugs, so doctors often accommodate patients, not daring to use drugs with exact efficacy, but instead using drugs with inaccurate efficacy, resulting in disease efficacy or premature relapse or aggravation. Excessive treatment is the opposite, regardless of the condition, the application of many unnecessary systemic treatment drugs, resulting in some adverse reactions. In addition to the level of doctors, the lack of an easy to implement treatment guidelines can not be said to be one of the reasons for the occurrence of the above three aspects. Second, the characteristics of eczema diagnosis and treatment guidelines: 1, concise, easy to read and easy to use: In the process of developing this guide, we adhere to the concept of clinical, grassroots services, to adopt the principle of concise, easy to read and easy to use, the pathogenesis of the compressed as much as possible, highlighting the clinicians most concerned about the clinical manifestations of eczema, diagnosis and treatment of three parts. The aim is to be small, readable and easy to remember. Easy to use. 2, the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of eczema is confused primary care physicians and the biggest problem, in order to enable the majority of doctors to improve the level of diagnosis of eczema, in the guide we proposed a roadmap for the diagnosis of eczema, the first step of what to do, the second step to do what is written very clearly, the steps are clear, the pulse is clear, doctors along this step can correctly diagnose eczema. This will help primary care physicians to follow a standardized step in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of eczema, thereby reducing the rate of missed and misdiagnosis. 3, emphasizing patient education and basic treatment in the treatment of eczema, patient education and basic treatment is placed in a very important position, instructing doctors how to communicate with patients, how to explain the disease to patients, how to guide patients in the use of drugs, how to observe the condition, how to pay attention to “clothing, food, housing, transportation, washing” and other aspects of the matter, improve the doctor Awareness of patient education. 4. Reflecting the latest treatment concepts and advances in treatment: In terms of treatment, efforts were made to reflect the latest international treatment concepts and advances in eczema treatment, emphasizing topical glucocorticoids as the first line of eczema treatment, as well as the role of infection and bacterial colonization in the recurrence and exacerbation of eczema, and guiding clinicians in the rational application of anti-infective drugs. In addition, in addition to the introduction of traditional drugs and methods, new drugs such as calcium-modulated neurophosphatase inhibitors and leukotriene inhibitors that have begun to be used clinically in recent years, as well as treatments such as narrow-wave ultraviolet light, have also been introduced in an effort to reflect the latest advances. 5. Guidance to physicians on the analysis of the causes and response guidance for certain stubborn, treatment-resistant patients is one of the features of this guideline. Because eczema is difficult to treat and often encounters unsatisfactory results, it is of great importance to properly guide physicians to objectively analyze the reasons for unsuccessful treatment in order to revise treatment strategies, change the types and means of medication, and ultimately improve the efficacy and relieve patients’ pain, in the hope of turning stones into gold. Third, eczema refers to the treatment of South of the target: all levels and types of dermatologists: This guide applies first of all to all levels of dermatologists, including the chief physician. Attending physicians, residents, residents in standardized training, doctoral students, master’s students, etc. It provides them with the process, steps for the proper diagnosis of eczema, and options for proper treatment. General Practitioners: In primary care, especially in remote areas, many skin conditions are treated by general practitioners, and eczema is the most common skin condition that general practitioners should learn to diagnose and treat. If the guidelines are followed for diagnosis and treatment, it is not easy to misdiagnose and mistreat, and the diagnostic level and treatment level of general practitioners can be improved. Physicians from other clinical disciplines; may use the principles of this guideline in special circumstances, such as when they encounter eczema patients at the primary level and are not in a position to consult a dermatologist.