Thoracic surgery (including open-heart and thoracoscopic surgery) has high demands on the function of all organs of the body due to the direct impact on cardiopulmonary function, so preoperative preparation is very important. Before surgery, firstly, it is necessary to clarify whether the patient can tolerate the surgery, and the doctor will conduct a series of tests to evaluate whether the heart function, respiratory function, liver, kidney and other organ functions can meet the needs of the surgery. Because both open-heart and thoracoscopic surgery are accompanied by more or less chest muscle damage and incision pain after surgery, resulting in limited thoracic movement, preoperative practice of abdominal breathing can better adapt to the postoperative situation of limited thoracic movement caused by pain; fourth, preoperative patients should practice deep breathing and coughing in the prone position. Due to the effects of anesthesia and one-lung ventilation during surgery, as well as postoperative incisional pain, there is a certain decline in lung function after surgery, resulting in de facto ventilation and ventilation dysfunction. Practicing deep breathing before surgery helps increase postoperative lung volume, which is important for preventing pulmonary atelectasis and ensuring oxygenation, while effective coughing is important for ensuring airway patency, promoting lung expansion and expelling residual gas in the thorax after surgery.