A full thyroid gland may be a physiological condition, such as physiological goiter, which is characterized by a fuller thyroid gland in adolescent males or females, an enlarged thyroid gland under ultrasound, and serum thyroid function within the normal range, which does not need to be treated. In the case of hyperthyroidism, in addition to a full thyroid gland, there may be an overly abundant thyroid blood flow under ultrasound, a flame sign, high T3 and T4 and low TSH in the blood thyroid function, which requires active medication. If the thyroid gland is full due to Hashimoto’s disease, the texture of the thyroid gland is usually hard, and the serum thyroid peroxidase antibody is significantly higher than 1000 mmol/L. The thyroid function is within the normal range and does not require treatment, but if hypothyroidism occurs, treatment is needed for hypothyroidism.