Central venous pressure, also known as CVP, has a normal value of 0.5 to 1.2 kPa. Central venous pressure is the pressure measured in the right atrium or in the superior vena cava close to the right atrium, either by deep venous placement with invasive puncture, or by direct puncture of the right atrium in the open chest state. The central venous pressure reflects the right atrial pressure and is one of the most important clinical indicators of hemodynamics. It can determine the patient’s combined blood volume, cardiac function and vascular tone. The measurement of central venous pressure is commonly used in patients with acute heart failure, patients with massive infusions, people with heart disease, and patients undergoing extracorporeal circulation surgery. In general, the normal value of central venous pressure is between 0.5 and 1.2 kPa. If the pressure is too low, it may indicate a volume deficit. If the pressure is too high, it indicates right heart insufficiency or obstruction of the right heart system, or severe regurgitation of the tricuspid valve, or excess volume. Central venous pressure indicates the return of venous blood to the central vein and right atrium, and it generally changes earlier than arterial pressure. The magnitude of central venous pressure depends on the interrelationship between the ejection capacity of the heart and the amount of venous blood returned to the heart. If the heart has a high ejection capacity and can shoot the blood back to the heart into the arteries in time, the central venous pressure is low. Conversely, a decrease in ejection capacity due to heart failure, for example, will result in a high central venous pressure.