Diabetes is a metabolic disease that can be controlled, but requires long-term or lifelong control. It is essential for patients to perform self-monitoring so that they can better meet the standard through treatment, keep their blood glucose under strict control and prevent various acute and chronic complications. The significance of self-monitoring is to obtain blood glucose and related information, and use it as a basis for adjusting medication, diet and activity level, in order to more comprehensively improve effective control of the disease and regulation of quality of life. Monitoring blood glucose: This is an important means of self-management for diabetic patients. Blood glucose monitoring to understand blood glucose concentration can help patients to adjust diet, exercise and judge the efficacy of treatment at any time. Monitoring blood glucose can be linked to other daily tasks by keeping a small, portable blood glucose meter in plain sight to remind yourself. Blood glucose monitoring is not a “test”, it’s just a test, there is no “good” or “bad” blood glucose level, it’s just a number. “What do I need to do about it?” Please consult with your doctor and establish your reasonable blood glucose goals. Remember not to be discouraged, it is normal for blood sugar to fluctuate during treatment. Work with your doctor to develop a clear plan for what to do when your blood glucose levels are high or low and under what circumstances to adjust your medication regimen. Patients with more stable conditions and better blood glucose control can monitor 5~7 times a month, including fasting blood glucose, blood glucose 2 hours after three meals and nighttime blood glucose, just monitor one type of blood glucose each time, and monitor blood glucose at a total of 5~7 time points each month. Blood pressure and lipid monitoring: Patients with diabetes who have normal blood pressure and lipid should have their blood pressure and lipid measured once every six months. If they have dyslipidemia, they should have their blood pressure checked once every 3 months; if they have hypertension, they should have their blood pressure closely monitored, 2~3 times a week. Weight monitoring: Obese diabetic patients should have their weight measured once a month and should lose weight in a planned manner. Body mass index (BMI) = weight (kg)/height (m), the ideal BMI (kg/m2) should be <25 for men and <24 for women. Monitoring glycated hemoglobin: glycated hemoglobin can steadily reflect the average level of blood glucose over 2~3 months, reflecting the situation of glucose metabolism in the body. Based on the test results, the doctor can determine whether the patient's health care plan is effective, whether the patient is eating properly, whether the patient is exercising properly, whether the patient's blood sugar is well controlled, and whether the patient needs to adjust the treatment plan. Heart monitoring: diabetes and coronary heart disease are equal risks, diabetes to reduce sugar also need to protect the heart, diabetic patients must do a heart examination once a year. Monitoring the foot:Diabetic foot refers to lower limb infection, ulcer formation and/or deep tissue destruction in diabetic patients due to combined neuropathy and various degrees of peripheral vasculopathy. Prevention of diabetic foot is more important than treatment. Diabetic patients must check their own feet daily for any abnormalities; once every 4 to 6 months by a specialist. Monitoring the fundus:Diabetic patients are at high risk of developing eye disease. Once diagnosed with diabetes, patients should have a fundus examination once every six months. Monitoring kidney function:Urine albumin is an important indicator for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic patients should have their urine routine and urine albumin checked at least 3 to 4 times a year.