Premature babies (referring to immature babies with gestational age less than 37 weeks and weight less than 2.5 kg) are prone to various diseases and even death due to the immaturity of all organs in the body and difficulty in adapting to sudden changes in the environment inside and outside the womb. Premature babies face six main problems after birth, namely six hurdles. Respiratory hurdles: premature babies often have irregular breathing and even frequent apnea or respiratory failure due to immature development of the respiratory center. Premature infants have less alveolar surface active substance, and are prone to alveolar atrophy, reduced ventilation, respiratory distress and respiratory failure. Body temperature: normal body temperature is the basic condition for the body to maintain normal metabolism. Premature infants have poor thermoregulatory function, thin subcutaneous fat, relatively large body surface area, easy to dissipate heat, and less brown fat for heat production, so improper warming is prone to hypothermia, cold extremities, hard swelling, weak cry, poor sucking, reduced heart rate, and even shock, kidney failure, lung hemorrhage and other life-threatening. If the room temperature is too high, then dehydration fever will occur again. Infection: Premature infants have thin and tender skin and mucous membranes, which are easily bruised and become a pathway for bacterial attack; the umbilicus is an open wound, and bacteria can easily multiply and enter the bloodstream; the lower the gestational age, the lower the immunoglobulin level, so various infectious diseases and even sepsis occur in preterm infants. Jaundice off: preterm infants have a short life span of red blood cells, which are easily destroyed and metabolized into bilirubin, plus the poor transport and metabolism of bilirubin in preterm infants, which makes them prone to jaundice. In addition, the permeability of the blood-brain barrier is high in preterm infants, so bilirubin can easily invade the brain tissue from the blood and cause damage to the brain tissue. Feeding: Premature infants are prone to choking and coughing due to poor sucking ability and swallowing; they are prone to overflow due to small stomach capacity and low sphincter tone at the lower esophagus; they are prone to small intestine necrosis due to lack of various digestive enzymes and bile, poor digestion and absorption ability, and poor tolerance of food, and improper feeding. Hemorrhage: Premature babies have immature vascular development and poor coagulation mechanism, so they are prone to intracranial hemorrhage, pulmonary hemorrhage, gastrointestinal bleeding and other dangers. In addition to the above six hurdles, premature infants are also prone to brain damage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity and other complications. Premature babies are removed from the care of their mothers’ wombs in advance and have to face the huge threat of the external environment with their tender bodies. The survival of every premature baby is full of hardship and love, and is a battle cry and a salute to life!