Atherosclerosis has become the leading cause of death in China. The disease usually begins in childhood and develops clinical symptoms in middle and old age. The clinical course can be divided into four phases: 1. asymptomatic or insidious phase, where atheromatous plaques have formed, but there is no obvious manifestation of vascular stenosis, tissue ischemia, etc. 2. ischemic phase, where the lumen is narrowed and organs are ischemic. coronary atherosclerosis can lead to acute myocardial ischemia, manifested as angina pectoris, renal artery stenosis can cause intractable hypertension and renal insufficiency, and lower limb atherosclerosis causes coldness, pain and numbness in the lower limbs. 3. necrotic phase, occlusion of blood vessel lumen, tissue necrosis, such as myocardial infarction, lower limb necrosis, cerebral infarction, etc. 4. fibrosis phase, organ fibrosis, atrophy, myocardial fibrosis, causing heart enlargement, cardiac insufficiency, arrhythmia, kidney atrophy causing renal failure, etc.