Emphysema is a chronic disease that may develop into chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and patients are generally advised to have a review every six months. Emphysema is a pathological state in which the terminal fine bronchi and alveoli of the lungs are overinflated, ruptured and the lung volume increases due to various causes. Patients present with cough, coughing sputum, chest tightness and shortness of breath, which may be accompanied by general weakness and loss of appetite. It may develop into chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and is irreversible, so active measures should be taken to prevent its progress. In general, patients can use bronchodilators to improve lung function, and those with cough and sputum can be treated with cough suppressant and sputum-reducing drugs, and need to strengthen the immunity of the body, avoid infection, and pay attention to regular review, usually recommended once every six months at the hospital to understand the changes of the disease, so as to timely target treatment. In addition, patients should pay attention to diet regulation, increase the intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, supplement high-quality protein and vitamins, and maintain a calm state of mind, regular life, avoid staying up late and ensure sufficient sleep.