Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the esophagus should be removed by surgery in time, and other auxiliary treatments should be chosen according to the situation after surgery. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of esophagus is a relatively rare type in clinic, which often manifests as localized lumps and leads to choking sensation, and the lesion can be detected through esophagoscopy, CT and other examinations. The best way for esophageal small cell endocrine carcinoma is to perform surgical resection, as long as the tumor is completely removed, it can often achieve better therapeutic effect. After surgery, according to the pathology, for those with a higher risk of recurrence, adjuvant chemotherapy should be used to further improve the efficacy. For the more advanced stages of the disease, which cannot be completely removed by surgery, chemotherapy can be considered, and after the lesion shrinks, if it meets the indications for surgery, it should be actively operated.