Vascular surgery, also known as peripheral vascular surgery, is responsible for diseases of the blood vessels of the circulatory system other than the heart and brain, such as arterial stenosis/occlusion, aneurysm/clamping, venous thrombosis, varicose veins and various vascular malformations (hemangioma, arteriovenous fistula), and also includes diseases that can be treated by vascular interventions. If you have any of the following symptoms of common diseases in vascular surgery, it is recommended to visit the vascular surgery department in time to investigate whether there is vascular disease. I. Arterial blockage ischemic symptoms (cold limbs, numbness, pain, purple, toe trauma does not heal) arterial blockage of the limb is most commonly seen as atherosclerosis, and the distal ischemic symptoms caused by it can be manifested as cold limbs, coldness, claudication, numbness and discomfort of the limb in the milder cases, or pallor or even black gangrene in the severe cases. Early ischemic symptoms are most often manifested as soreness of the calf belly muscles after walking a certain distance, which can be relieved by stopping the activity and resting for a while, and the symptoms are repeated after walking again, which is medically called “intermittent claudication”. In daily life, elderly people are more prone to nail infection and corns due to ischemia, and the wound is difficult to heal after nail extraction or corns are removed in clinics. When arterial blockage is severe, coldness, numbness, and pain in the distal extremities may also exist due to inactivity, especially at night, affecting rest. If not treated and controlled in time, amputation may be required. If you have the above symptoms, it is recommended to seek vascular surgery treatment in time. Second, deep vein thrombosis blockage bruising symptoms (limb swelling, swelling pain, redness) Deep vein thrombosis mostly occurs in the lower limbs. It usually manifests as swelling and pain of unilateral lower limbs, and is more common in the left lower limb. It mainly occurs after major surgical operations, fracture braking, pregnancy or postpartum, long-term bed rest, tumor, long-distance flight, etc. The harm is mainly twofold: recent thrombus dislodged may return to heart or pulmonary artery with blood to cause chest tightness, chest pain, shortness of breath, coughing up blood, which may cause cardiac arrest; distant thrombus blocking deep vein for a long time may cause thrombosis sequelae, manifesting as limb swelling, severe varicose veins and ulcers, making patients lose labor force and mild disability. Because the treatment efficacy decreases significantly when the thrombus becomes hardened and mechanized for more than two weeks, if the limb swells suddenly, deep vein thrombosis should be highly suspected and the patient should go to vascular surgery in time. Third, arterial dilatation, rupture symptoms (pulsating mass, sudden severe chest pain or abdominal pain) Arteries are divided into three layers: intima, mesima and epima. Arterial dilatation or entrapment is commonly caused by atherosclerosis resulting in a decrease in the elastic tone of the arterial wall. Dilated lesions are most commonly found in the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries. Patients can often feel a pulsating mass in their abdomen, and many describe it as a heart growing in their abdomen as well. The success rate of treatment is low because the artery can rupture and hemorrhage if the dilatation is severe. Therefore, patients with a pulsating mass anywhere on the body should seek prompt medical attention from vascular surgery. Arterial coarctation is a tear in the intima of an artery, and the high-pressure blood flow rushes into the subintima to form a false lumen, which can affect the blood supply to the distal limbs or organs, or cause death by rupture and hemorrhage. It usually presents with sudden onset of severe tearing pain in the chest or tearing pain in the lower back and abdomen. The blood supply to the organs may be affected by renal failure, intestinal necrosis, and pale necrosis of the lower extremities. Once the above situation occurs, emergency vascular surgery should be resuscitated. Fourth, venous blood backflow bruising symptoms (long standing soreness, varicose veins, skin itching, swelling, hyperpigmentation, calf dermatitis, ulcers) There are venous valves in normal veins, and the lower extremities often develop more valves because of the low hanging parts. Because of the low venous pressure, the venous valve is similar to a one-way valve, which ensures that venous blood flows back toward the heart only and prevents backflow. However, for some people who are standing for a long time, weight-bearing, or pregnant, the venous valves may become relaxed due to overload, and the anti-backflow effect is lost, which can cause blood to backflow and stagnate in the veins of the lower extremities in an upright state, resulting in increased pressure in the veins and chronic venous insufficiency bruising symptoms. Because of venous stasis can lead to superficial skin under the vein expansion stasis, and then cause skin nutrient metabolism disorders, manifested as pigmentation, itching, eczema, lipid scleroderma, thrombophlebitis, chronic ulcers, folk become “old rotten feet”.