On the fourth day of her life, little Lele was found to have jaundice. Although we know that jaundice is a common disease, after a short period of time will be good, but just became a mother of Wang, holding a soft little baby in the arms, the heart is uneasy, especially after waiting for many days, to see the little face is still yellow, but also worried about the fear. Next, I will take you to understand the newborn’s yellow face in the end how is it? First, why do babies have yellowish color? Most of the newborns shortly after birth may appear different degrees of jaundice, is physiological jaundice, and newborns bilirubin metabolism characteristics related. When a newborn is just born, more bilirubin is produced, but the body’s liver enzyme system is not well developed, the bilirubin produced cannot be converted in time, so that the newborn’s blood bilirubin increases and jaundice occurs. Since this is only a temporary phenomenon, it is called physiologic jaundice. Treatment of physiological jaundice: physiological jaundice mostly appears 2-3 days after the birth of infants, and it is most serious when it is 4-5 days, and it usually subsides in 7-14 days for full-term infants, and in 3-4 weeks for preterm infants. Parents do not need to worry, no special treatment, drink more milk, more excretion can be. Second, what is abnormal jaundice a pathological jaundice Infants with yellow color within 24h after birth, lasting more than 2 weeks, preterm babies more than 3 weeks or jaundice after birth disappears and recurs and aggravates progressively are considered as pathological jaundice. Pathological jaundice is caused by disease, which makes the metabolism of bilirubin abnormal, and it occurs in the specific period of newborns, which makes physiological jaundice aggravate significantly and confuse with physiological jaundice, which causes difficulties in the diagnosis of jaundice. Third, the difference between physiological jaundice and pathological jaundice: 1, physiological jaundice characteristics: ① jaundice usually begins to appear 2-3 days after birth. ② jaundice gradually deepens, reaches its peak on the 4th-6th day, and then gradually decreases. Jaundice usually subsides 2 weeks after birth in full-term newborns and 3 weeks after birth in preterm newborns. ④ The degree of jaundice is usually not deep, the color of skin is light yellow, jaundice is often limited to the face and upper half of the body, when jaundice, the child’s general condition is good, body temperature is normal, appetite is normal, the color of urine and feces is normal, and growth and development are normal. ⑤The serum bilirubin is more than 2mg/dl, but less than 12mg/d1. If the child’s jaundice belongs to this kind of situation, the parents don’t need to worry. 2, pathological jaundice has some characteristics: ① jaundice appears too early, within 24 hours after birth. ② Jaundice disappears too late, lasts too long, exceeds the normal time of disappearance, or jaundice has already disappeared and appeared again, or jaundice gradually disappears after the peak time and then aggravates progressively. ③ The degree of jaundice is too severe, often spreading to the whole body, and the skin and mucous membranes are obviously yellow. When checking serum bilirubin, the bilirubin is more than 12mg/dl, or rises too fast, with a daily rise of more than 5mg/dl. ⑤ Accompanied by other abnormalities besides jaundice. 3.Treatment of pathologic jaundice: Remove the cause Drug treatment: use enzyme inducers and glucocorticoid drugs. Blue light irradiation: generally used when the total serum bilirubin reaches 12-15mg/dl or more, infants should be naked, with black paper to protect the eyes and cover the testicles, and should be continuously irradiated except for suspension during feeding and nursing operations. “Blood exchange for hemolytic jaundice occurring within 24 hours of birth”, there are further imaging tests except obstructive jaundice, if obstructive jaundice is caused by developmental malformations is the need for surgical treatment. Another kind of pathological jaundice is genetic metabolic disease, which can be categorized in internal medicine symptomatic treatment. Disease prevention: Pathological jaundice, regardless of the cause, can cause “kernel jaundice” when it is serious, which can cause neurological damage and death in serious cases. Therefore, prevention should be emphasized in neonatal pathological jaundice, such as preventing toxoplasmosis and rubella virus infection during pregnancy, especially preventing viral infection in early pregnancy; preventing septicemia after birth; and vaccinating neonates against hepatitis B when they are born, etc. Parents should closely observe the child’s jaundice and prevent it from developing. Parents should closely observe the changes in their children’s jaundice, and send them to the hospital in time for treatment if they find any signs of pathological jaundice.