First, the principle of antihypertensive drug therapy drug therapy to lower blood pressure can effectively reduce the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular complications, prevent the occurrence and development of stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure and kidney disease. There is a wide variety of drugs used to treat hypertension with different effects, but their common index in the treatment of hypertension is the reduction of blood pressure. According to the current understanding, the following principles should be adopted for the pharmacological treatment of hypertension: 1. The smallest effective dose is used to obtain the possible efficacy with minimal adverse effects. If effective, the dose can be gradually increased according to age and response to obtain the best efficacy. 2, in order to effectively prevent target organ damage, requires a stable blood pressure reduction for 24 hours a day, and can prevent sudden death, stroke and heart attack caused by a sudden increase in blood pressure from lower blood pressure at night to early morning, to achieve this purpose, it is best to use a once-a-day dose of drugs that have a continuous 24-hour antihypertensive effect. One of the signs is that the peak ratio of blood pressure is > 50%, that is, 24 hours after the administration of the drug still maintain 50% of the maximum blood pressure effect, such drugs can also increase compliance with treatment. 3, in order to increase the antihypertensive effect without increasing adverse reactions, with low doses of monotherapy is not effective enough when two or more drugs can be used in combination therapy. Second, the choice of antihypertensive drugs The choice of antihypertensive drugs depends mainly on the antihypertensive effect of the drug on the patient and adverse reactions. For each specific patient, the drug that can effectively control blood pressure and is suitable for long-term treatment is a reasonable choice. In the selection process, the patient’s target organ damage and the presence of metabolic abnormalities such as diabetes, lipids, and uric acid, as well as the interaction between antihypertensive drugs and other drugs used, should also be considered. Another important factor affecting the selection of antihypertensive drugs is the affordability of patients and the availability of drugs. Given the current state of our health care economy and the low treatment rate, inexpensive antihypertensive drugs are recommended in the general population of hypertensive patients whenever possible. The treatment rate should be increased first, and then the control rate should be gradually increased on this basis. According to the available evidence from domestic and international clinical trials and related studies, from the perspective of improving antihypertensive efficacy, reducing complications, and improving quality of life, the incidence and mortality of stroke in China can be significantly reduced through antihypertensive treatment, especially by choosing diuretics, β-blockers, calcium antagonists, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or angiotensin II receptor (AT1 ) antagonists, or fixed-dose combination antihypertensive agents composed of the above drugs. (i) Diuretics Diuretics are mainly used for mild to moderate hypertension, especially in elderly people with hypertension or concomitant heart failure. They are contraindicated in patients with gout and used with caution in patients with diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. Small doses may avoid adverse effects such as hypokalemia, reduced glucose tolerance and arrhythmias. Hydrochlorothizide 12,5 mg 1-2 times daily and indapamide 1,25-2,5 mg once daily may be used. Furosemide should be used only in cases of complicated renal failure. （β-blockers are mainly used for mild to moderate hypertension, especially in young and middle-aged patients with rapid heart rate (>80 beats/min) at rest or in combination with angina pectoris. It is contraindicated in patients with heart block, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and peripheral vascular disease. Use with caution in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metoprolol 50mg 1-2 times daily, Atenolol 25mg 1-2 times daily, Bisoprolol 2,5- 5mg once daily, Betaxolol 5-10mg once daily are options. Beta-blockers can be used in heart failure, but their use is completely different from antihypertensive agents and should be noted. (iii) Calcium antagonists Calcium antagonists can be used in all degrees of hypertension, especially in elderly people with hypertension or in combination with stable angina pectoris. Non-dihydropyridine calcium antagonists are contraindicated in patients with heart block and heart failure. Rapid-acting dihydropyridine calcium antagonists are contraindicated in unstable angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction. Prefer long-acting agents such as Felodipine extended-release tablets 5-10 mg once daily, Nifedipine controlled-release tablets 30 mg once daily, Amlodipine 5-10 mg once daily, Lacidipine 4-6 mg once daily, Verapamil Verapamil (120-240 mg once daily) extended-release tablets. Nifedipine or nifedipine generic tablets 10mg 2-3 times daily may also be used in general. Use nifedipine immediate-release capsules with caution. (iv) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are mainly used in patients with hypertension combined with diabetes mellitus, or concomitant cardiac insufficiency or renal damage with proteinuria. They are contraindicated in pregnancy and in patients with renal artery stenosis and renal failure (blood creatinine >265 μmol/L or 3 mg/dL). The following preparations are available: Captopril 12,5-25 mg 2-3 times daily; Enalapril 10-20 mg 1-2 times daily; Perindopril 4-8 mg once daily; Cilazapril 2,5-5 mg once daily. Benazapril 10-20mg once daily; Ramipril 2,5-5mg once daily; Lisinopril 20-40mg once daily. (v) Angiotensin II receptor antagonists Angiotensin II receptor (AT1) antagonists such as losartan 50-100mg once daily and valsartan 80-160mg once daily. Applicable and prohibited objects are the same as ACE-I, currently mainly used for patients with dry cough occurring after ACE-I treatment. Third, the combination of antihypertensive drugs in recent years, research has concluded that maximizing the efficacy of the treatment of hypertension requires a greater reduction in blood pressure, which is often beyond the reach of monotherapy, or the dose is increased and prone to adverse effects. Large-scale international clinical trials have demonstrated the need and value of combining medications. The combination of two or more antihypertensive drugs can be used in small doses, and the therapeutic effects of the drugs should be synergistic or at least additive, and the adverse effects can cancel each other out or at least not overlap or add up. The number of drugs used in combination should not be too many, too many can have complex drug interactions. Therefore, the combination of drugs should have its pharmacological basis. Nowadays, it is considered that the more reasonable combination is: 1, ACE-I (or angiotensin II receptor antagonist) and diuretics; 2, calcium antagonists and β-blockers; 3, ACE-I and calcium antagonists; 4, diuretics and β-blockers; 5, α-blockers and β-blockers. A reasonable formulation should also take into account the consistency of the duration of action of each drug. Since 1959, China has developed and produced a variety of compound preparations, such as compound antihypertensive tablets, antihypertensive jing, antihypertensive 0, etc., mostly adopting the step therapy drugs in the 1960s and 1970s, with blood pressure, blood pressure, blood pressure, blood pressure, etc. Blood pressure up to static, dihydrocotrimoxazole as the core. Because of its certain effect of lowering blood pressure, convenient and inexpensive, it has been widely used for many years in various medical units, especially in the prevention and treatment of the population. Fourth, other drug therapy The goal of treatment is to reduce the overall risk of cardiovascular disease. It is equally important to treat other risk factors and clinical conditions that exist in patients with hypertension. Therefore, if diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease or renal disease are present in combination, the treating physician should refer to the relevant specialist for examination or to develop appropriate lifestyle measures and pharmacological treatment for the above diseases. (i) Anti-platelet therapy The use of aspirin or other anti-platelet drugs has been shown to reduce the risk of fatal and non-fatal coronary events, stroke and cardiovascular death in patients with coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease. According to the HOT study, smaller doses of aspirin therapy may be recommended if blood pressure is tightly controlled or in hypertensive patients with high-risk coronary artery disease who are not at risk for bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract or other sites. (ii) With lipid metabolism disorders, regulation of blood lipids Lipid metabolism disorders often accompany hypertension and increase the risk of hypertension and increase in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels, accompanied by the risk of coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke. Patients with concomitant lipid metabolism disorders should be taken seriously and treated aggressively. Lifestyle improvement should be the first priority: reduce intake of saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, salt, alcohol, reduce body weight, and increase physical activity. Avoid antihypertensive drugs that can affect lipids; high-dose diuretics (thiazides and triptans) can raise serum cholesterol and triglycerides, at least in the short term; low-dose diuretics can avoid such effects. beta-blockers can increase triglycerides transiently and lower HDL cholesterol; however, they have shown to reduce sudden death and total mortality and prevent recurrent myocardial infarction. Those that affect lipids to a lesser extent are: calcium antagonists, ACEI, angiotensin receptor antagonists, alpha-blockers, imidazoline receptor agonists, etc. If cholesterol is still increased after dietary regulation, HMG-C0A reductase inhibitors (statins) are preferred for treatment, which have a role in preventing and treating coronary heart disease as LDL cholesterol decreases. For those with increased blood triglycerides, fibrates are preferred, and other types of lipid-regulating drugs are also available.