Cancers that are likely to be inherited by the next generation include nephroblastoma, familial breast cancer, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, and chromogenic dry skin disease. Cancer is clinically known as a malignant tumor originating from epithelial tissue. Tumors are new organisms formed by the proliferation and abnormal differentiation of cells in the body under various causes, and once generated, they do not stop with the elimination of the cause of the disease. Malignant tumors have become one of the causes of death that currently threaten human survival. Compared with benign tumors, malignant tumors are characterized by metastasis and easy recurrence. The role of genetic factors in sporadic tumors is to increase the patient’s susceptibility to a particular tumor. They can be divided into autosomal dominant hereditary tumor syndromes and autosomal recessive hereditary tumor syndromes. The former include familial retinoblastoma, familial adenomatous polyps, neurofibromatosis type I, nephroblastoma, and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. The latter include pigmented dry dermatosis, capillary dilatation ataxia, Bloom syndrome, and Fanconi anemia. When discomfort occurs, it is important to seek medical attention and follow the doctor’s instructions for appropriate treatment.