Thoracoscopy has been hailed as one of the major breakthroughs in thoracic surgery in the last century and is a representative procedure of minimally invasive thoracic surgery. Thoracoscopic surgery (TV-assisted thoracoscopic surgery) is a new minimally invasive thoracic surgery technique using modern TV camera technology and high-tech surgical instruments and equipment to complete complex surgery in the chest wall under a trocar or tiny incision, which has changed the concept of treatment of some thoracic surgical diseases and is considered the most significant progress in thoracic surgery at the end of the 20th century and the direction of future thoracic surgery development. Television thoracoscopic surgery is very different from conventional open-heart surgery and is much more difficult. He usually performs it under three to four small 1.5 cm incisions in the chest wall. The surgeon is watching the TV to complete the surgery with special surgical instruments, which is the same as extending the surgeon’s eyes into the patient’s chest cavity for surgical operation. Therefore, the surgical field of view, lesion appearance, scope of surgical resection and safety are even better than those of open-heart surgery. The requirements of TV thoracoscopic surgery are higher and more stringent, and the surgeon must undergo strict training in thoracoscopic surgery and be able to correctly handle various unexpected situations encountered during surgery that are different from those encountered during open chest surgery. What are the advantages of thoracoscopic surgery? 1.Small surgical trauma: ordinary open-chest surgery is very traumatic, the incision is 20-30cm, the chest wall is severely damaged, the layers of chest wall muscles are cut off, and the intercostal space is also forcibly propped open for 10-20cm, and the postoperative pain has been difficult to solve. Thoracoscopic surgery is generally completed by making 2-3 small 1.5cm long incisions in the chest wall. Some difficult cases need auxiliary 4-10cm small incisions, but it is not necessary to forcefully open the intercostal space. 2, postoperative pain is light: ordinary open chest surgery due to chest wall trauma, more than a week after surgery to get out of bed, chest pain can last for months to years, most of the loss of physical labor ability. After thoracoscopic surgery, patients can get out of bed within 24 hours, and can participate in physical activities 2-4 weeks after surgery. 3.Less postoperative complications, safer for elderly patients. 4.Aesthetic, small wound, most patients are happy to accept it. What are the indications for TV thoracoscopic surgery? 1.Diagnostic surgery indications: It can be applied to the diagnosis of a variety of thoracic diseases including pleural, pulmonary, mediastinal and pericardial diseases as well as thoracic trauma. It can be clearly displayed on TV, photographed and videoed, and histopathological examination can be obtained. 2. Indications for therapeutic surgery: ① Pleural chest wall diseases: abscess chest, funnel chest, pleural mesothelioma, metastases, trauma hemostasis, pneumothorax, benign and malignant pleural effusion, etc. ② Pulmonary diseases: resection of benign lung masses, lung cancer, pulmonary decompensation for end-stage emphysema. ③ Esophageal diseases: esophageal smooth muscle tumor, esophageal diverticulum, cardia incontinentia, esophageal cancer. ④ Mediastinal diseases: mediastinal tumors such as thymoma and teratoma, giant mediastinal cysts. ⑤ Other: hand sweating, celiac disease, cardiopulmonary trauma. What are the contraindications of TV thoracoscopic surgery? TV thoracoscopic surgery gives some patients with poor lung function the opportunity for surgical treatment and expands the scope of thoracic surgery. Its main contraindications are: inability to tolerate one-lung ventilation anesthesia, extensive pleural adhesions or severe cardiopulmonary insufficiency.