Hyperkineticsyndromeofchildhood is characterized by short attention span and distracted attention with excessive movements. It is also known as minimalbrainDamage (MBD) or attentiondeficitdisorder (ADD).
Diagnosis
(a) Onset before 7 years of age.
(ii) The duration of the disease is more than 6 months.
(C) No mental retardation.
(iv) At least 8 of the following behaviors are present.
(1) Frequent non-stop movement of the hands or feet or non-stop writhing in the sitting position.
(2) Difficulty sitting still when asked to do so.
3. Easily distracted by external stimuli.
4.Can’t wait patiently for a turn in a game or group activity.
5.Often rush to answer before others finish asking questions.
6.Difficulty in completing something as prompted by others (not due to disobedience or failure to understand), such as not finishing household chores.
7. Difficulty in maintaining attention during homework or games.
8. Often does not finish one thing and changes to another.
9. Has difficulty playing quietly.
10.Often talk too much.
11.Often interrupts or interferes with others’ activities, such as interfering with other children’s play.
12.Often seems to listen when others speak to him.
13.Often loses objects used for learning and activities at school or at home (e.g., books, pencils, workbooks, toys, etc.).
14. Often participates in activities that are dangerous to the body without considering the possible consequences (not for stimulation), such as running to the center of the street without looking around.
(E) Physical and laboratory examination
There are no specific positive signs or pathological reflexes. Sometimes the movements are clumsy and slow, and fine movements (e.g. buttoning, tying shoelaces) are slightly difficult. The intelligence examination is generally normal, and there is no special abnormality in EEG.
(F) Severity criteria of hyperactivity syndrome in children
1.Mild symptoms do not (or slightly) exceed the number required for diagnosis, and learning and social skills are not impaired or minimally impaired.
2.Moderate symptoms or functional impairment between mild and severe.
3.Severe symptoms exceed the number required for diagnosis by a large margin. There is significant and widespread impairment in family activities, school activities, and the ability to interact with other children.