Borrelia is a zoonotic parasitic disease with endemic and natural epidemiological origin, and health promotion and education should be emphasized everywhere. High-risk groups such as those engaged in slaughter, herders and hunting households should strengthen personal protection in production and life, and refrain from drinking raw water and eating raw vegetables. Children should avoid close contact with dogs and wash water before meals. Catch and kill wild dogs, limit the number of dogs, strictly prohibit feeding dogs and animals with animal organs containing worms, strengthen deworming of domestic dogs, and harmless treatment of human and dog feces after deworming. Strictly implement the meat food hygiene testing system and animal quarantine system. 1, what is worm disease Worm disease or echinococcosis (echinococciosis), is a chronic parasitic disease caused by human infection with the larvae of echinococcosis (echinococcosis). The clinical manifestations of the disease vary depending on the site, size and presence of complications of the cysts. In recent years, epidemiological investigations have shown that it is called endemic parasitic disease; it is characterized by occupational damage in endemic areas and is classified as an occupational disease for certain groups of people; globally, it is a common and prevalent disease specific to ethnic or religious tribes. 2, the distribution of worm disease The disease is globally distributed, mainly in livestock areas, in China to Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet, western Sichuan, Shaanxi is common. Hebei and northeastern provinces also have disseminated cases. 3, how the infection and transmission of worm disease (1) the main source of infection of the disease is the dog. Although wolves, foxes, jackals, etc. are also end hosts, they are of little significance as sources of infection. In endemic areas, sheep often have worms in their flocks, and residents often feed dogs with sheep or other livestock offal, so that dogs have the opportunity to swallow the worm sacs, and the infection is often more serious, the number of intestinal parasites can reach hundreds to thousands, and their gestational segments have the ability to move, can crawl on the fur, and cause anal itching. When the dog crushes the segments when licking and biting, the eggs in the feces often contaminate the whole body fur, and if they are in close contact, they are very susceptible to infection. (2) The direct infection is mainly due to close contact with the dog, whose fur is contaminated with eggs and then infected through the mouth. Indirect infection can also occur if the eggs in dog feces contaminate vegetables or water sources, especially if humans and animals drink from the same water source. In arid and windy areas, the eggs may also be infected through the respiratory tract when they are carried in the wind. (3) Susceptibility Human infection is mainly related to environmental sanitation and poor hygiene habits. Patients are mostly farmers and herdsmen, and the number of brothers is much higher than that of Han Chinese. Because of the slow growth of the worm cysts, they are usually infected in childhood, and only in young adulthood do they show obvious symptoms. There is no significant difference in the incidence rate between men and women. 4.What are the types of encapsulated worm disease Encapsulated worm disease can vary from several years to several decades in the human body. Clinical manifestations vary depending on the parasitic site, the size of the cyst and the presence of complications. Depending on the parasite species, the clinical manifestations can be cystic encystasis (single-compartment encystasis), vesicular encystasis (multi-compartment encystasis), and mixed encystasis. 5.What are the sites and characteristics of liver worm disease (1) liver worm disease liver worm cysts extremely enlarged right upper abdominal mass, the patient has fullness and swelling compulsion (19) D suppression of the geometrical bridle swinging mu bing leaf bridle swinging uller and quietasa pier raving 1/4. Cysts located in the right central lobe when the liver is diffusely enlarged, upward development of compression of the thoracic cavity can cause reactive pleural effusion, pulmonary atelectasis; downward forward development to the abdominal cavity The downward progression is to the abdominal cavity. In most patients, the liver is found to be extremely enlarged on physical examination, with a localized sense of round surface smooth cysts. In a few cases, tremors can be heard after percussion of the cysts. Liver function is mostly normal with an inverted albumin to globulin ratio. Hepatic B-mode ultrasound, liver isotope scan, and liver CT examination all show occupying liver lesions. Usually caused by fine-grained echinococcosis is called single-atrial coccidiosis; while those caused by multiple genera of echinococcosis are called multi-atrial coccidiosis (alveococcosis). The proliferation mode of the worms is infiltrative and resembles a malignant tumor. Hepatic alveococci can also metastasize via lymphatic or hematologic routes. Secondary to pulmonary and cerebral alveolar coccidiosis. This is why it is called malignant encrustation disease. The liver is hardened and has an uneven surface. (2) Pulmonary encystment: The lung tissue is more relaxed, so the cysts grow faster, often with dry cough and hemoptysis. 2/3 of patients have lesions in the right lung, and the lower lobe is the most common. In uncomplicated cases, single or multiple round, oval or polycyclic masses with clear and smooth margins (with blurred margins in the presence of secondary infection) are seen on chest x-ray. The cysts are deformed with breathing, rarely calcified, and vary in size, with the largest occupying one lung field. When the cyst penetrates the cystic fluid is completely discharged and appears hollow on the X-ray; severe fluid pneumothorax can occur when the cyst breaks into the chest cavity. In about half of the patients, the cyst breaks into the bronchus and coughs up the cyst fluid and heals spontaneously. Occasionally, suffocation can be caused by the overflow of cystic fluid. (3) Cerebral cysticercosis : The incidence is low (1-2%), mostly seen in children, with the parietal lobe being common, and the clinical manifestations are seizures and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. The clinical manifestations are seizures and increased intracranial pressure. Most of the sacs are single, mostly located in the subcortex. Cerebral angiography, brain CT, brain MRI are helpful for diagnosis. (4) Skeletal encystment disease is relatively rare, accounting for about 1% to 2% of the total body encystment disease reported abroad, while domestic reports are much lower, accounting for only about 0.2%. The highest incidence is in the pelvis and spine, followed by the long bones of the limbs, skull, scapula, ribs, etc. When Echinococcus granulosus invades long bones, the infection usually starts at the end of the bone, and the lax spongy bone is invaded first. X-rays can be useful for diagnosis. In addition, pericardial, renal, splenic, muscular and pancreatic encystment are rare, and their symptoms resemble benign tumors. 6.What are the dangers of encapsulated worm disease to human beings? People infected with encapsulated worm disease are often sensitized by the absorption of a small amount of antigen, such as cyst penetration or cyst fluid overflow during surgery can cause rash, fever, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fainting, delirium, coma and other allergic reactions, and in severe cases can die of anaphylaxis. Encapsulated worm disease can be diagnosed clinically by serological tests as well as by X-ray, ultrasound and CT. The ultrasound images of encapsulated cysts are very characteristic, so the diagnostic compliance rate of ultrasound can be more than 98%. Surgery is the treatment of choice for encapsulated worm disease, and surgical treatment of parasitic human organs encapsulated worm disease is mainly performed by endocyst puncture and removal and complete removal of endocysts. Drugs such as albendazole, praziquantel and mebendazole are effective for early and small-sized encysted worms. Clinical trials of albendazole emulsion developed in recent years have proved that it can replace surgical treatment to a certain extent.